Ontogeny of postnatal hyoid and larynx descent in humans

Lieberman, Daniel E.; McCarthy, Robert C.; Hiiemäe, Karen M.; Palmer, Jeffrey B.

doi:10.1016/s0003-9969(00)00108-4

Cited by 177 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The hyoid bone with an elastic ligament instead of a bony articulation seems to allow an elongation of the supraglottal tract (Peter and Hast, 1994). For many years researchers interested in the evolution of speech, paid much attention to a very low position of the human vocal cord that is unusual in other mammals: indeed until recently, this position characterizes the human larynx crucially linking evolution of speech (Lieberman et al, 2001;Nishimura, 2003;Barney et al, 2012). As we stated, there is no stylohyoid ligament during the prenatal life.…”

Section: The Origin Of Variations Of the Hyoid Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 78%

The Origin of the Variations of the Hyoid Apparatus in Human

Rodríguez‐Vázquez

Verdugo-López

Abé

et al. 2015

The Anatomical Record

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Currently, theories based on acquired calcification of the stylohyoid ligament are believed to be a pathogenesis of syndromes associated with the hyoid apparatus (HA) and its variations. We studied the development of the HA from Reicherts cartilage using serial sections of 25 human embryos and 45 fetuses. We ensured a fact that, at the initial stage, the HA appeared as two independent cartilage segments, that is, the cranial or styloid segment and the caudal or hyoid segment of Reichert's cartilage, those are connected by a mesenchymal structure. However, between 8 and 10 weeks of development, the mesenchymal connection was lost. We hypothesize that this disconnection is likely to be one of the major factors to make a descent of the hyoid bone in evolution. The stylohyoid ligament was not observed. The variations of the HA, should be considered variations of the development of Reicherts cartilage. If these variations are maintained in the adult, are likely to explain a major symptom associated with Eagle s syndrome.

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Section: The Origin Of Variations Of the Hyoid Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 78%

The Origin of the Variations of the Hyoid Apparatus in Human

Rodríguez‐Vázquez

Verdugo-López

Abé

et al. 2015

The Anatomical Record

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“…A 90°PM-NHA angle aligns the nasal and oral cavities, which lie anterior to the PM plane, in a constant orientation relative to the nasopharynx and oropharynx, which lie posterior to the PM plane, thereby preserving spatial relationships between the nasal, oral and pharyngeal parts of the airway. Shape constancy in the relationships between these different parts of the airway may allow muscle pattern generators involved during deglutition to remain constant during growth (see Lieberman et al, 2001 for a similar example involving ontogenetic conservation of hyolaryngeal proportionality). Another possibility is that the 90°PM-NHA relationship functions to integrate 3-D positional information from sense organs in the face (especially the eyes) with the vestibular system (located in the posterior cranial fossa) in a constant way during growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posterior maxillary (PM) plane and anterior cranial architecture in primates

2001

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This study tests several hypotheses of integration between the cranial base and face in primates. After reviewing the definition and anatomical basis for the posterior maxillary (PM) plane, which demarcates the back of the midface at its junction with the sphenoid, we demonstrate how the PM plane can be identified accurately on radiographs, and confirm that it maintains a 90°angle relative to the Neutral Horizontal Axis of the orbits in all primates. In addition, we use the PM plane to test Dabelow's (1929) hypothesis that the orbits and anterior cranial base are more highly integrated in anthropoids than in strepsirrhines, and we test the hypothesis that the midline anterior cranial base (planum sphenoideum) and anterior cranial floor (planum sphenoideum plus cribriform plate) in primates are highly correlated with each other relative to the PM plane. The mean angle between the anterior cranial base and the PM plane does not differ significantly from 90°in anthropoids, but differs significantly in strepsirrhines. The anterior cranial base and anterior cranial floor, however, correlate well with each other relative to the PM plane in both suborders of primates, independent of orbital orientation and configuration. The PM plane, anterior cranial base, and anterior cranial floor, therefore, form an integrated structural complex, a "facial block," whose orientation relative to the posterior cranial base influences craniofacial shape among anthropoids in which orbital orientation influences the orientation of the anterior cranial base. One such effect is that increases in cranial base flexion shorten the antero-posterior length of the nasopharynx. Anat Key words: posterior maxillary (PM) plane; neutral horizontal axis; integration; "facial block"The posterior maxillary (PM) plane 1 is defined as the line connecting two radiographically determined termini projected onto the midsagittal plane: (1) the average most posteroinferior point on the maxillary tuberosities, and (2) the average point on the anterior-most extent of the greater wings of the sphenoid (Fig. 1). Although the PM plane was developed for, and has principally been used in, radiographic studies of cranial growth in humans Enlow and Moyers, 1971;Enlow and McNamara, 1973;Enlow and Azuma, 1975;Enlow, 1990), it may have a wider utility for comparative studies of primate and hominin craniofacial growth and architecture 1 Technically, the PM plane is not a plane (which is defined by three points), but is really a line defined by the average of two points inferiorly and two points superiorly. We use the term "plane" because it is established in the literature. Bromage, 1992;Lieberman, 1998). According to Enlow (1990:171), the PM plane is "one of the most basic and important planes in the whole head" for several architectural and developmental reasons. Spatially, the PM plane is an attempt to characterize the posterior margin of the ethmomaxillary complex (the ethmoid, maxilla, and palatine) where it articulates with the boundary between the anterior...

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“…Most notably, detailed studies of postnatal human and chimp growth series have yet to demonstrate any ontogenetic basis to the proposed interaction (Lieberman and McCarthy, 1999;Lieberman et al, 2001). This is surprising.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study also sets out to test two corollary hypotheses. These are that cranial base flexion drives a relative inferior displacement of the hyoid within the neck (Reidenberg and Laitman, 1991), and that external and internal cranial base angles are structurally independent (Ross and Henneberg, 1995;Lieberman and McCarthy, 1999;Lieberman et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial base angulation and growth of the human fetal pharynx

Jeffery

2005

Anat. Rec.

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The upper airway controls the mechanisms of breathing, swallowing, and vocalization. Information on its normal ontogenetic associations is therefore crucial for understanding human speech evolution as well as the developmental etiology of speech abnormalities. Of particular interest to evolutionary morphologists is the proposed structural association between the upper airway and the cranial base. The present study aims to elucidate whether cranial base angulation is linked to growth of the upper airway during human fetal life. Forty postmortem human fetuses ranging from 10 to 29 weeks of gestation were imaged with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Measurements of basicranial angle, hyoid depth, hormion height, and pharyngeal area were taken from sagittal images. Results show a significant correlation between the internal and external basicranial angles but the correlation between relative hyoid depth and internal cranial base angle was not significant. Findings show a significant correlation between increases in the size of the oropharynx relative to the nasopharynx and increases in the internal cranial base angle (retroflexion). These findings give limited support (r rank ϭ 0.46; P Ͻ 0.01) for the hypothesis that restructuring of the upper airway underlies basicranial retroflexion during prenatal life.

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Ontogeny of postnatal hyoid and larynx descent in humans

Cited by 177 publications

References 33 publications

The Origin of the Variations of the Hyoid Apparatus in Human

The Origin of the Variations of the Hyoid Apparatus in Human

Posterior maxillary (PM) plane and anterior cranial architecture in primates

Cranial base angulation and growth of the human fetal pharynx

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