Phylogeny of the Augochlora clade with the description of four new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)

Gonçalves, Rodrigo Barbosa

doi:10.1016/j.rbe.2018.12.003

Cited by 867 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Generalist trends within eusocial bees have been hypothesized as a response to the (1) high number of individuals in the nest (high demand for resources in the nest and high abundances in the field), (2) eusocial colonies are active throughout the year (especially in tropical zones), and (3) labor division supports a higher diversity of interactions (independent search combined to recruitment foraging behavior) (Lichtenberg et al, 2010;Maia et al, 2019). From the 13 genera of specialist bees identified in the present study, one is a cleptoparasitic (Acanthopus), one is a representative of an oligolectic and solitary clade (Alepidosceles), four are solitary (Anthodioctes, Ariphanarthra, Centris, and Ceratina) and seven present some degree of sociality, from the formation of aggregated nesting sites (Caenohalictus and Callonychium), communal behavior (Agapostemon and Augochlora), variable social behavior (Augochlorella and Augochloropsis), and the primitively eusocial bumblebees (genus Bombus) (Janjic and Packer, 2003;Alves dos Santos, 2004;Coelho, 2004;Michener, 2007;Gonçalves, 2016;Gonçalves, 2019). Although most specialist species are solitary, some are also social, as found in undisturbed forests of north America (Villalobos et al, 2019); thus, both social and solitary bees are prone to adopt specialist behavior (Classen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Specialism and Evolutionary Distinctivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialist Bee Species Are Larger and Less Phylogenetically Distinct Than Generalists in Tropical Plant–Bee Interaction Networks

et al. 2021

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Bee pollinators are key components of terrestrial ecosystems. Evidence is mounting that bees are globally in decline, and species with a higher degree of specialization are the most vulnerable to local extinction. However, ecological features that could explain bee specialization remain poorly tested, especially in tropical species. Here, we aim to determine the most specialized bee species and their associated ecological traits in tropical plant–bee interaction networks, answering three questions: (1) Which bees in the interaction networks are specialists? (2) Is body size related to their role as specialists in interaction networks? (3) Are there phylogenetic relationships between the bee species identified as specialists? We used fifteen quantitative plant–bee interaction networks from different Brazilian biomes covering 1,702 interactions (386 bee and 717 plant species). We used the normalized degree (standardized number of partners) as a metric to determine trophic specialization of bee species. Body size was estimated by measuring intertegular distance (ITD), i.e., the distance between the bases of the wings on the thorax. Evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) was used to quantify species uniqueness, i.e., the singularity of species in the phylogenetic tree. Relationships between dietary specialism, ITD and ED were assessed using generalized linear models. We detected 34 specialist bee species (9% of total species), distributed in 13 genera, and four families. ITD and ED were important variables explaining the specialization of tropical bee species. Specialists were larger and less phylogenetically distinct than expected by chance. Based on a large data set covering some of the main tropical biomes, our results suggest that loss of specialist bees from Brazilian plant–bee networks could have deleterious consequences for native plant species preferentially pollinated by large-bodied bees. Moreover, by affecting more evolutionarily distinct species, i.e., those with fewer extant relatives, the loss of specialist bees will likely affect few clades but can result on considerable loss of evolutionary history and phylogenetic diversity in the Brazilian bee communities. The results are important for decision-making concerning conservation measures for these species and may also encourage the development of sustainable management techniques for bees.

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Section: Specialism and Evolutionary Distinctivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialist Bee Species Are Larger and Less Phylogenetically Distinct Than Generalists in Tropical Plant–Bee Interaction Networks

et al. 2021

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“…We included seven species for the outgroups. Augochlorella comis (Vachal, 1911), Augochlorella ephyra (Schrottky, 1910), Ceratalictus clonius (Brèthes, 1909) and Pereirapis semiaurata (Spinola, 1853) as members of the Augochlora group of genera (Eickwort 1969;Engel 2000;Gonçalves 2016Gonçalves , 2019. We also included species of Augochlorini from other groups of genera, Pseudaugochlora graminea (Fabricius, 1804), Neocorynura codion (Vachal, 1904) and Thectochlora brachycera Gonçalves & Melo, 2006.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphological matrix was largely based on characters from previous studies (Engel 2000;Coelho 2004;Gonçalves 2016Gonçalves , 2019, with reinterpretations and additions where needed (Supplementary file 1: List of characters). The final matrix comprised 110 unordered characters and 47 terminals (Supplementary file 2: Morphological matrix).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presently, there are 127 valid species (Moure 2012;Ascher and Pickering 2021;Gonçalves 2020a, 2020b; this study), a number only outreached by Augochloropsis Cockerell within the tribe. Augochlora is a monophyletic group that belongs to the Augochlora genus group along with Augochlorella Sandhouse, Ceratalictus Moure and Pereirapis Moure (Engel 2000;Gonçalves 2016Gonçalves , 2019. The acute angle of epistomal sulcus and the truncate and appendiculate marginal cell apex are distinctive features of the genus (Eickwort 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acute angle of epistomal sulcus and the truncate and appendiculate marginal cell apex are distinctive features of the genus (Eickwort 1969). According to Engel (2000) and Coelho (2004) Augochlora is related to Ceratalictus + Pereirapis, with Augochlorella as the sister group with the remaining genera, while Gonçalves (2016Gonçalves ( , 2019 considered Augochlora as sister group with Augochlorella.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bayesian and parsimony phylogeny of Augochlora bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) based on morphology: insights for their biogeography and natural history

Lepeco¹,

Gonçalves²

2022

ASP

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Augochlora Smith, with 127 valid species, is the most widespread genus of Augochlorini bees, ranging from Argentina to southern Canada, including the Caribbean islands. The genus is divided into three subgenera, Augochlora s. str., Oxystoglossella Eickwort, and the fossil Electraugochlora Engel. The extant subgenera were traditionally diagnosed by their nesting substrate, social behavior and morphology. However, accumulating evidence suggests that these features are not reliable for their separation, especially with the discovery of an enigmatic species sharing characteristics from both subgenera. Our objective is to provide a phylogenetic hypothesis to evaluate the monophyly of the extant subgenera and to place a new species, Augochlora (Augochlora) intermedia sp. nov. For this purpose, we compiled 110 unordered characters for 40 species of Augochlora plus seven outgroup species and analyzed under parsimony and Bayesian inference. Topologies were very similar under both frameworks, allowing us to consistently characterize a few major lineages. Our results demonstrate that the extant subgenera correspond to monophyletic groups and the new species is sister group to remaining Augochlora s. str. species. Both subgenera are widespread in the Western Hemisphere, with species groups differing in range and distributional patterns. Our interpretation is that Augochlora arose in South America, subsequently colonizing Mesoamerica, the Caribbean and North America several times. Facultative social behavior can be found in both subgenera and in most lineages, indicating that the exclusive solitary behavior found in Augochlora pura is an exception. Based on morphological clues we interpret that the habit of nesting out of the soil arose once in Augochlora s. str.

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Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) inventory in the Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, São Paulo, Brazil

Andrade

Ramos

Perioto

et al. 2020

Journal of Natural History

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Phylogeny of the Augochlora clade with the description of four new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)

Cited by 867 publications

References 10 publications

Specialist Bee Species Are Larger and Less Phylogenetically Distinct Than Generalists in Tropical Plant–Bee Interaction Networks

Specialist Bee Species Are Larger and Less Phylogenetically Distinct Than Generalists in Tropical Plant–Bee Interaction Networks

Bayesian and parsimony phylogeny of Augochlora bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) based on morphology: insights for their biogeography and natural history

Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) inventory in the Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, São Paulo, Brazil

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