Anxiety symptoms in crack cocaine and inhalant users admitted to a psychiatric hospital in southern Brazil

Zúbaran, Carlos; Foresti, Katia; Thorell, Mariana Rossi; Franceschini, Paulo Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.ramb.2013.01.008

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The open-field test is considered a test to evaluate anxiety (Sudakov et al, 2013), but there are several more specific tests, such as the elevated plus maze test (Pellow, Chopin, File, & Briley, 1985). The decrease in the anxiety levels in the present study disagrees with human reports of crack exposure, in which increased anxiety is sometimes reported (Delas et al, 2010;Lejuez et al, 2008;Zubaran, Foresti, Thorell, & Franceschini, 2013). Therefore, future studies will use our exposure model and observe exposed rats in other anxiety tests, such as the elevated plus maze, to support the present results.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

A new exposure model to evaluate smoked illicit drugs in rodents: A study of crack cocaine

Hueza

Ponce

Garcia

et al. 2016

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

A new exposure model to evaluate smoked illicit drugs in rodents: A study of crack cocaine

Hueza

Ponce

Garcia

et al. 2016

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods

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“…Although in this study, we have not assessed whether emotional regulation occurs during chronic cocaine administration, the fact that the OTR dysregulation in the LS and amygdala occurred both following cocaine administration and withdrawal suggests that behavioural deficits would have been also present during chronic cocaine exposure. Indeed, earlier studies have identified emotional deficits during chronic cocaine exposure in both animals (Morales‐Rivera et al ., ) and humans (Morton, ; Zubaran et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cocaine abstinence induces emotional impairment and brain region‐specific upregulation of the oxytocin receptor binding

Georgiou

Zanos

Hourani

et al. 2016

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The key problem in treating cocaine addiction is the maintenance of a drug-free state since negative emotional symptoms during abstinence often trigger relapse. The mechanisms underpinning the emotional dysregulation during abstinence are currently not well-understood. There is evidence suggesting a role of the neuropeptide oxytocin in the modulation of drug addiction processes.However, its involvement during long-term abstinence from cocaine use remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to behaviourally characterize a mouse model of long-term cocaine withdrawal and assess the effect of chronic cocaine administration and long-term cocaine abstinence on the central oxytocinergic system and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-axis. Fourteen-day escalating-dose cocaine administration (3 x 15-30 mg/kg/day) and 14-day withdrawal increased plasma corticosterone levels and oxytocin receptor (OTR) binding in piriform cortex, lateral septum and amygdala. A specific cocaine withdrawal-induced increase in OTR binding was observed in the medial septum.These biochemical alterations occurred concomitantly with the emergence of memory impairment, contextual psychomotor sensitization and an anhedonic and anxiogenic phenotype during withdrawal.Our study established a clear relationship between cocaine abstinence and emotional impairment in a novel translationally-relevant model of cocaine withdrawal and demonstrated for the first time brain region-specific neuroadaptations of the oxytocin system, which may contribute to abstinence-induced negative emotional state.

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“…Among the psychostimulant drugs, cocaine use disorder (CUD) is associated with greater physiological alterations, given that it acts blocking dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake (2, 3). Furthermore, cocaine triggers cellular toxicity through different mechanisms, including immune dysregulation (4, 5) and oxidative damage (6, 7), potentially leading to neurological, emotional, and cognitive impairments (8, 9). Studies also observed higher risk of contracting or transmitting infectious diseases among cocaine users compared to non-users (10–12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine Use Disorder Is Associated With Changes in Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokines and Lymphocytes Subsets

et al. 2019

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Background: Cocaine is a psychostimulant drug with high addictive proprieties. Evidence suggests that cocaine use leads to critical changes in the immune system, with significant effects on T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells and influencing peripheral levels of cytokines. The presence of abstinence-related symptoms during detoxification treatment is known to influence the prognosis. Here, our aim was to investigate immune profiles in women with cocaine use disorder (CUD) according to withdrawal symptoms severity.Methods: Blood samples and clinical data were collected at onset of detoxification treatment of 50 women with CUD. The patients were stratified according to Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA) scores in low withdrawal (L-W) and high withdrawal (H-W) categories. In addition, we also included a control group with 19 healthy women as reference to immune parameters. Peripheral blood was collected and lymphocyte subsets were phenotyped by multi-color flow cytometry (B cells, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, NK cells, and different stages of T-cell differentiation). PBMCs from patients and healthy controls were stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (1%) for 72 h to assess the production of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines.Results: Following stimulation, lymphocytes from women with CUD produced increased levels of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines. However, higher levels of IL-2 and IL-17 were observed only in the L-W group, while higher levels of IL-6 were detected in the H-W group compared to controls. H-W group showed lower percentage of early-differentiated Th cells (CD4+CD27+CD28+), elevated percentage of Th cells (CD3+CD4+), intermediate-differentiated Th cells (CD4+CD27−CD28+), and B cells (CD3−CD19+). Both CUD groups showed decreased percentages of naïve T cells (CD3+CD4+CD45RA+ and CD3+CD8+CD45RA+).Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that CUD can lead to increased production of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and lymphocyte changes.

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Anxiety symptoms in crack cocaine and inhalant users admitted to a psychiatric hospital in southern Brazil

Cited by 13 publications

References 68 publications

A new exposure model to evaluate smoked illicit drugs in rodents: A study of crack cocaine

A new exposure model to evaluate smoked illicit drugs in rodents: A study of crack cocaine

Cocaine abstinence induces emotional impairment and brain region‐specific upregulation of the oxytocin receptor binding

Cocaine Use Disorder Is Associated With Changes in Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokines and Lymphocytes Subsets

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