Synthesis of graphene through electrochemical exfoliation technique in aqueous medium

Anurag, Kumar; Kumar, SR

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.684

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The latter often presents an asymmetric electrochemical configuration, where a graphite rod as the working electrode is facing a platinum rod as a counter electrode [25], or alternatively a symmetric configuration with two graphite rods for mass production of GO as inexpensive alternatives. A similar arrangement is used in this work as shown in Figure 1a [26][27][28]. Furthermore, various electrochemical exfoliation methods were investigated with different strategies in terms of intercalation agents aiming to facilitate the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Up-Scaling of Electrochemical Production and Mild Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide

et al. 2022

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To reduce the global emissions of CO2, the aviation industry largely relies on new light weight materials, which require multifunctional coatings. Graphene and its derivatives are particularly promising for combining light weight applications with functional coatings. Although they have proven to have outstanding properties, graphene and its precursor graphene oxide (GO) remain far from application at the industrial scale since a comprehensive protocol for mass production is still lacking. In this work, we develop and systematically describe a sustainable up-scaling process for the production of GO based on a three-step electrochemical exfoliation method. Surface characterization techniques (XRD, XPS and Raman) allow the understanding of the fast exfoliation rates obtained, and of high conductivities that are up to four orders of magnitude higher compared to GO produced via the commonly used modified Hummers method. Furthermore, we show that a newly developed mild thermal reduction at 250 °C is sufficient to increase conductivity by another order of magnitude, while limiting energy requirements. The proposed GO powder protocol suggests an up-scaling linear relation between the amount of educt surface and volume of electrolyte. This may support the mass production of GO-based coatings for the aviation industry, and address challenges such as low weight, fire, de-icing and lightning strike protection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Up-Scaling of Electrochemical Production and Mild Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide

et al. 2022

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“…Upon oxidizing graphite, the reflection peak (002) changes to the angle 2ϴ = 10° (space d = 0.906). This increase in the d-space is largely due to the intercalation of water molecules and the formation of functional oxygen-containing groups in the graphite layers [ 38 , 51 , 52 ]. Our GO and RGO samples have a centered peak at 2 ϴ = 26.52°.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Friendly Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Aqueous Extracts for Photocatalysis Applications

et al. 2022

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In the present work, reduced graphene oxide was obtained by green synthesis, using extracts of Larrea tridentata (gobernadora) and Capsicum Chinense (habanero). Graphene oxide was synthesized by the modified Hummers’ method and subsequently reduced using natural extracts to obtain a stable and environmentally friendly graphene precursor. Consequently, the gobernadora aqueous extract was found to have a better reducing power than the habanero aqueous extract. This opportunity for green synthesis allows the application of RGO in photocatalysis for the degradation of the methylene blue dye. Degradation efficiencies of 60% and 90% were obtained with these materials.

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“…Traditionally, graphite exfoliation is performed in an aqueous solution [ 82 ], and there are three key parts of the exfoliation process when aqueous solutions are used [ 83 ]: Water electrolysis and the production of oxygen and hydroxyl radicals. The movement of hydroxyl and oxygen radicals and opening of graphite edges.…”

Section: Graphene Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications

Abbas

Shinde²,

Abdelkareem³

et al. 2022

Materials

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Graphene is fundamentally a two-dimensional material with extraordinary optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical characteristics. It has a versatile surface chemistry and large surface area. It is a carbon nanomaterial, which comprises sp2 hybridized carbon atoms placed in a hexagonal lattice with one-atom thickness, giving it a two-dimensional structure. A large number of synthesis techniques including epitaxial growth, liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, and chemical vapor deposition are used for the synthesis of graphene. Graphene prepared using different techniques can have a number of benefits and deficiencies depending on its application. This study provides a summary of graphene preparation techniques and critically assesses the use of graphene, its derivates, and composites in environmental applications. These applications include the use of graphene as membrane material for the detoxication and purification of water, active material for gas sensing, heavy metal ions detection, and CO2 conversion. Furthermore, a trend analysis of both synthesis techniques and environmental applications of graphene has been performed by extracting and analyzing Scopus data from the past ten years. Finally, conclusions and outlook are provided to address the residual challenges related to the synthesis of the material and its use for environmental applications.

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Synthesis of graphene through electrochemical exfoliation technique in aqueous medium

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Development and Up-Scaling of Electrochemical Production and Mild Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide

Development and Up-Scaling of Electrochemical Production and Mild Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide

Eco-Friendly Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Aqueous Extracts for Photocatalysis Applications

Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications

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