Growth in exclusively breastfed infants

Giugliani, Elsa Regina Justo

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2018.11.007

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the majority of available studies, VG and VN children showed normal growth and development, but in some studies, VG and VN children tended to be thinner and (in particular in samples <5 years of age) smaller than the reference populations [12,13]. Reference populations in those past investigations were often formula-fed infants (e.g., [14]) that tend to gain more BW and grow differently than breastfed infants [15]. The lower BW and body height (BH) of some VG and VN children therefore could at least partially be explained by the fact that VG and VN children are more likely being breastfed than non-vegetarian children [14,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy, Macronutrient Intake, and Anthropometrics of Vegetarian, Vegan, and Omnivorous Children (1–3 Years) in Germany (VeChi Diet Study)

et al. 2019

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Due to the lack of current, large-scale studies examining their dietary intake and health, there are concerns about vegetarian (VG) and vegan (VN) diets in childhood. Therefore, the Vegetarian and Vegan Children Study (VeChi Diet Study) examined the energy and macronutrient intake as well as the anthropometrics of 430 VG, VN, and omnivorous (OM) children (1–3 years) in Germany. A 3-day weighed dietary record assessed dietary intake, and an online questionnaire assessed lifestyle, body weight (BW), and height. Average dietary intakes and anthropometrics were compared between groups using ANCOVA. There were no significant differences in energy intake or density and anthropometrics between the study groups. OM children had the highest adjusted median intakes of protein (OM: 2.7, VG: 2.3, VN: 2.4 g/kg BW, p < 0.0001), fat (OM: 36.0, VG: 33.5, VN: 31.2%E, p < 0.0001), and added sugars (OM: 5.3, VG: 4.5, VN: 3.8%E, p = 0.002), whereas VN children had the highest adjusted intakes of carbohydrates (OM: 50.1, VG: 54.1, VN: 56.2%E, p < 0.0001) and fiber (OM: 12.2, VG: 16.5, VN: 21.8 g/1,000 kcal, p < 0.0001). Therefore, a VG and VN diet in early childhood can provide the same amount of energy and macronutrients, leading to a normal growth in comparison to OM children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy, Macronutrient Intake, and Anthropometrics of Vegetarian, Vegan, and Omnivorous Children (1–3 Years) in Germany (VeChi Diet Study)

et al. 2019

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“…The incidence of overweight in children can also be caused by feeding formula milk (Mäkelä et al,2013). This statement was also supported by Giugliani (2019), who stated that children who received formula milk had a faster increase in BMI. Rapid weight gain can put your child at risk of being overweight.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The second possibility is due to formula feeding, as we know that only 41 out of 107 samples were exclusively breastfed until the age of 4-5 months. This statement is supported by the research of Giugliani (2019), that children who receive formula milk have a faster weight gain when compared to children who receive EBF. Rapid weight gain can put your child at risk of being overweight.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

The First 6th-Month Nutritional Status of a Full-Term Child in Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Literature Review

Shifa¹,

Sulistiawati

Frety

et al. 2021

SEAJOM

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Background: The first six months after birth are part of the first 1000 days, a golden period for child development. In this period, the child needed proper nutrition to support optimal development and as nutrition programming. WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6th-month. Adequacy of nutrition and optimal growth can be assessed using the nutritional status. Aim: This study analyzes the relationship between EBF for the first 6 months with the nutritional status of a full-term infant aged 0-6 months. The nutritional status assessed using anthropometric measurements and child growth standards. Methods: This type of literature review research uses the PRISMA, PICO, and Boolean Operator methods. The research question with PICO standard "What is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding practice and nutritional status of children aged 0-6 months?". Relevant literature was obtained from 8 databases: Scopus, Portal Garuda, Proquest, Mendeley, Pubmed, Oxford, Science Direct, and Sage. Literature was limited to the last 10 years. There are 6 relevant pieces of literature included for review. The literature quality assessment uses a quantitative study quality assessment tool released by the EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project) and produces 5 pieces of literature worthy of review. Results: From 5 kinds of literature, there were various indicators of nutritional status such as weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ), Body Mass Index (BMI)-for-age, and head circumference (HC)-for-age. The results were dominated by insignificant results, except the HC-for-age indicator stated that there were significant results. The author explores the causes of insignificant results. Explores based on the indicators that include in studies, the information based on studies, and the possible consequences that adjusted to the data based on the studies. The Author found that the mother plays an important role in the production and provision of breast milk. The quality of breastmilk depends on the mother, also how she gives it to their infant. It has to be based on the WHO recommendation. Conclusion: The result of these studies affirms that EBF didn't significantly affect the indicators of WAZ, LAZ, WLZ, and BMI-for-age, but significantly affected the head circumference-for-age indicator.

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“…Essa comparação entre o peso dos lactentes em AME e alimentados com leite artificial está em consonância com um estudo de revisão não sistemática que observou que lactentes em AME ganham menos peso entre os três e seis meses de idade em relação aos lactentes alimentados com fórmula. (13) Enfatiza-se que o AME é um protetor para obesidade e diabete mellitus, seja na infância, adolescência ou mesmo idade adulta. (14) Portanto, embora o crescimento de lactentes possa ser inferior aos demais tipos de aleitamento, as crianças em AME estarão mais protegidas em sua saúde, em específico para reduzir o risco de obesidade tardia, (7) além de reduzir o risco de hospitalizações por infecções de vias aéreas superiores e acometimentos por problemas gastrointestinais, como a diarreia, entre outros problemas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Amamentação e o desenvolvimento Pondo-Estatural do lactente até o sexto mês de vida

Viera¹,

Rocha²,

Christoffel³

et al. 2021

Semin. Cienc. Biol. Saude

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Objetivo: comparar o crescimento pondo-estatural dos lactentes aos seis meses de vida em aleitamento materno exclusivo e aleitamento complementar ou misto. Método: estudo transversal, com 38 mães e lactentes entre o quinto e o sexto mês de vida, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu em unidades de saúde de um município no Oeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo foi de 21% (n=8) da amostra. As variáveis antropométricas (peso, altura e perímetro cefálico - PC) dos lactentes em aleitamento materno exclusivo apresentaram médias inferiores àqueles em aleitamento materno predominante e/ou com uso de fórmula. Conclusão: o crescimento pondo-estatural dos lactentes aos seis meses de vida em aleitamento materno exclusivo e em aleitamento complementar ou misto estava dentro do esperado para a idade. Contudo, evidenciou-se baixa prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo.

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Growth in exclusively breastfed infants

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Energy, Macronutrient Intake, and Anthropometrics of Vegetarian, Vegan, and Omnivorous Children (1–3 Years) in Germany (VeChi Diet Study)

Energy, Macronutrient Intake, and Anthropometrics of Vegetarian, Vegan, and Omnivorous Children (1–3 Years) in Germany (VeChi Diet Study)

The First 6th-Month Nutritional Status of a Full-Term Child in Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Literature Review

Amamentação e o desenvolvimento Pondo-Estatural do lactente até o sexto mês de vida

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