Pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Chiesa, Claudio; Andreoli, G; Pacifico, Lucia

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2018.05.001

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, it is necessary to underline that the literature lacks data on the pediatric population and that the studies on which those are based are not recent. Furthermore, the inability to make a precise and definitive diagnosis, caused by the limitations imposed by the type of population under consideration, could lead to an underestimation of the real incidence rate of NAFLD among children and adolescents [ 49 ]. Finally, the different diagnostic methods used in the studies conducted could influence the prevalence estimate [ 50 ].…”

Section: Childhood Obesity and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Physical Exercise as Approach to Prevention and Reversion of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

et al. 2022

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important health concern during childhood; indeed, it is the most frequent cause of chronic liver diseases in obese children. No valid pharmacological therapies for children affected by this condition are available, and the recommended treatment is lifestyle modification, usually including nutrition and exercise interventions. In this narrative review, we summarized up-to-date information on the benefits of physical exercise on NAFLD in children and adolescents with obesity. The role of exercise as non-pharmacological treatment was emphasized in order to provide recent advances on this topic for clinicians not deeply involved in the field. Several studies on obese children and adults confirm the positive role of physical activity (PA) in the treatment of NAFLD, but to date, there are no pediatric randomized clinical trials on exercise versus usual care. Among the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the PA effects on NAFLD, the main players seem to be insulin resistance and related inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis, but further evaluations are necessary to deeply understand whether these factors are correlated and how they synergistically act. Thus, a deeper research on this theme is needed, and it would be extremely interesting.

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Section: Childhood Obesity and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Physical Exercise as Approach to Prevention and Reversion of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

et al. 2022

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“…As obesity starts impacting individuals at a younger age, there is a rising incidence of NAFLD among the youth 3 – 5 . Epidemiological data indicate that while the global prevalence of fatty liver in children and adolescents is estimated at 8% to 20% 6 , this figure is likely underestimated due to diagnostic challenges in this age group 7 . In the United States, approximately 24% of young adults are impacted, a likely underestimated statistic 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the association between theobromine intake and hepatic steatosis in young people

Kong,

Han,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) tends to be younger. And the role of theobromine in fatty liver disease remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary theobromine intake and degree of hepatic steatosis in individuals aged 45 and below, using data from the 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and liver ultrasonography transient elastography. A total of 1796 participants aged below 45 years were included from NHANES 2017–2020 data after applying exclusion criteria. Multivariate regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the associations between theobromine intake and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), adjusting for potential confounders. Generalized additive models and two-piecewise linear regression were used to analyze nonlinear relationships. In the unadjusted Model 1 and preliminarily adjusted Model 2, there was no significant correlation between theobromine intake and CAP values. However, in Models 3 and 4, which accounted for confounding factors, a higher intake of theobromine was significantly associated with lower CAP values. Subgroup analyses in the fully adjusted Model 4 revealed a significant negative correlation among individuals aged 18–45, women, and white populations. Nonlinear analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship in black Americans, with the lowest CAP values at 44.5 mg/day theobromine. This study provides evidence that higher theobromine intake is correlated with lower degree of hepatic steatosis in young people, especially those aged 18–45 years, women, and whites. For black Americans, maintaining theobromine intake around 44.5 mg/day may help minimize liver steatosis. These findings may help personalize clinical nutritional guidance, prevent the degree of hepatic steatosis, and provide pharmacological approaches to reverse fatty liver disease in young people.

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“…In the Western countries, 3%–10% of children are estimated to be affected by NAFLD. 8 However, given the difficulty in its diagnosis in children, the rate is underestimated, 9 and in contrast with that in adults, the disease in children has been ignored by healthcare providers. The rate among people aged 18–35 years in America is approximately 24%, which has also been underestimated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing prevalence of NAFLD/NASH among children, adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2017: a population-based observational study

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and variations of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) among children and adolescents (CADs) and young adults (YADs).DesignA population-based observational study.SettingAnnual cases and prevalence of NAFLD/NASH from 1990 to 2017, by sex, region and country were collected from the Global Burden of Disease database.Main outcome measuresThe estimated annual percentage change, which was calculated by a regression line, was used to quantify the temporal trends in NAFLD/NASH burden among young people at the global, regional and national levels.ResultsGlobally, NAFLD/NASH incidence increased from 19.34 million in 1990 to 29.49 million in 2017 among CADs, with an annual increase of 1.35%. Additionally, in YADs, the number of cases and NAFLD/NASH prevalence significantly increased during this period, independent of sex and region. The greatest NAFLD/NASH increase was in North Africa and the Middle East. Almost all countries showed an increasing trend from 1990 to 2017, with the most pronounced increase observed in the developed regions.ConclusionsThe epidemiology of NAFLD/NASH in young people has changed considerably over the last three decades. Both the prevalence and number of cases have increased irrespective of sex, age and region. This phenomenon can result in a predictable increase in chronic liver disease burden in the near future. Understanding the prevalence of NAFLD/NASH and its variations is of paramount importance to develop strategies to implement public health policy.

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Pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Benefits of Physical Exercise as Approach to Prevention and Reversion of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Benefits of Physical Exercise as Approach to Prevention and Reversion of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Exploring the association between theobromine intake and hepatic steatosis in young people

Increasing prevalence of NAFLD/NASH among children, adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2017: a population-based observational study

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