What is causing anemia in young children and why is it so persistent?

Melse‐Boonstra, Alida; Mwangi, Martin N

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2016.04.001

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The age group less than 24 months is considered the most biologically vulnerable to nutritional and infectious diseases. These diseases occur mainly due to the imbalance between nutrient intake to meet nutritional requirements and the little-developed functional immunity 44,47,48 . Therefore, strategies aimed at controlling and preventing nutritional diversions and infections become essential even in places where access to quality food is adequate and health services are considered efficient 18,48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and contextual predictors of children’s hemoglobin levels from Southern Brazilian municipalities in social vulnerability

et al. 2020

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Few studies have investigated the simultaneous effect of individual and contextual factors on the occurrences of anemia. This study aims to evaluate the variability of children’s hemoglobin levels from municipalities in social vulnerability and its association with factors of individual and municipal nature. This is a cross-sectional, multi-center study, with children data (12-59 months) collected from 48 municipalities of the Southern region of Brazil, that were included in the Brazil Without Poverty Plan. Individuals’ data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and secondary and ecological data of children’s municipalities were collected via national surveys and institutional websites. The outcome was defined as the hemoglobin level obtained by HemoCue. A multilevel analysis was performed using Generalized Linear Models for Location Scale and Shape using R, with a 5% significance level. A total of 1,501 children were evaluated. The mean hemoglobin level was 12.8g/dL (95%CI: 12.7-12.8), with significant variability between municipalities. Lower values of hemoglobin were observed in children who lived in municipalities with a higher urbanization rate and a lower number of Community Health Agents, in relation to the reference categories. At the individual level, lower hemoglobin values were identified for children under 24 months, not enrolled at daycares, who were beneficiaries of the conditional cash transfer program and diagnosed with underweight. The results shed light on important factors at the municipal and the individual levels that were associated to the hemoglobin levels of children living in municipalities in social vulnerability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and contextual predictors of children’s hemoglobin levels from Southern Brazilian municipalities in social vulnerability

et al. 2020

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“…Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common cause of anaemia in younger children. The risk for anaemia is increased after the age of 6 months when the child is introduced to complementary foods and is the age at which they are more exposed to contaminants [ 22 ], and consequently increased risk of infectious morbidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia among children with congenital heart defects at tertiary hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

Said¹,

Assenga²,

Munubhi³

et al. 2022

Pan Afr Med J

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Introduction iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent nutritional problem worldwide with children being the most vulnerable. In children with congenital heart defect (CHD), ID may lead to iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) which carries a poor prognosis due to exacerbation of left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with ID and IDA among children with CHD at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) and Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute (JKCI) in Tanzania. Methods a descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 238 participants with echocardiography confirmed CHD presenting at MNH and JKCI. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and medical history. Anthropometric measurements were done and blood samples for evaluation of complete blood count, serum ferritin and C-reactive protein were collected. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, median with interquartile range, were used to describe study participants. Comparison of continuous variables was performed using Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test as appropriate and Chi-square (x2) test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables to determine associations. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to determine risk factors for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia. All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 20 and p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results characteristic of study participant majority 66.4% (n 158) were less than 60 month of age with nearly equal number of male 51.3%(122) to female 48.7% (n 116). The overall prevalence of anaemia among study participants was 47.5% (n 238) with mild, moderate and severe anaemia being 21.4%, 21.4% and 4.6% respectively. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 26.9% (n 64) and that of iron deficiency anaemia was 20.2% (n 48). Age below 5 years, cyanotic CHD, history of recent illness and less consumption of red meat were significantly associated with iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). After controlling for independent variables, history of recent illness aOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22-0.98 P 0.045 less frequent consumption of red meat aOR 0.11 95% CI 0.04-0.32 P <0.001 and cyanotic CHD aOR: 0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.87; p 0.021, were associated with of iron deficiency similarly age below 5 years aOR 0.33 0, 95% CI 14-0.89 P 0.02 early weaning practices aOR 0.50 95% CI 0.23-0.97 P 0.050 less frequent consumption of red meat aOR 0.07 CI (0.02-0.24 p <0.01 were significantly associated with iron deficiency anaemia. Conclusion nearly half of the children with CHD in this study had anaemia, more than a quarter had ID and one-fifth had IDA. Routine screening and management of both ID and IDA in children with CHD should be practised during weaning and throughout the childhood to prevent ventricular dysfunction further heart failure.

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Urinary schistosomiasis and anemia among school-aged children from southwestern Nigeria

Adewale,

Mafe,

Mogaji

et al. 2024

Pathogens and Global Health

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What is causing anemia in young children and why is it so persistent?

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Individual and contextual predictors of children’s hemoglobin levels from Southern Brazilian municipalities in social vulnerability

Individual and contextual predictors of children’s hemoglobin levels from Southern Brazilian municipalities in social vulnerability

Prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia among children with congenital heart defects at tertiary hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

Urinary schistosomiasis and anemia among school-aged children from southwestern Nigeria

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