Critical assessment of the pH of children's soap

Mendes, Bruna Rafaela; Shimabukuro, Danielle Midori; Uber, Marjorie; Abagge, Kerstin Taniguchi

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2015.08.009

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although all products were formulated in accordance with contemporary design strategies for mild cleansing products, their pH values were 7 and higher (as high as 9.85-12.35) for all except two products, one with pH of 3.6 and one with pH 5.5, which were associated with the lowest irritation index. Another, more recent study investigated a pH of 67 children's soaps and showed that the pH of the assessed soaps ranged from 4.4 to 11.5, with 11% of soaps with a pH < 5.9 and only two products with information about pH labeled on the product [110]. An additional survey made by Tarun et al showed that soaps and shampoos commonly used by the Indian population have a pH of 9-10 (soaps) and 6-7 (shampoos), and thus, they can be considered as not ideal, especially for patients with sensitive or acne-prone skin [111].…”

Section: Cleansersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Optimal pH of the Skin and Topical Formulations: From the Current State of the Art to Tailored Products

2021

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Acidic pH of the skin surface has been recognized as a regulating factor for the maintenance of the stratum corneum homeostasis and barrier permeability. The most important functions of acidic pH seem to be related to the keratinocyte differentiation process, the formation and function of epidermal lipids and the corneocyte lipid envelope, the maintenance of the skin microbiome and, consequently, skin disturbances and diseases. As acknowledged extrinsic factors that affect skin pH, topically applied products could contribute to skin health maintenance via skin pH value control. The obtained knowledge on skins’ pH could be used in the formulation of more effective topical products, which would add to the development of the so-called products ‘for skin health maintenance’. There is a high level of agreement that topical products should be acidified and possess pH in the range of 4 to 6. However, formulators, dermatologists and consumers would benefit from some more precise guidance concerning favorable products pH values and the selection of cosmetic ingredients which could be responsible for acidification, together with a more extensive understanding of the mechanisms underlaying the process of skin acidification by topical products.

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Section: Cleansersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Optimal pH of the Skin and Topical Formulations: From the Current State of the Art to Tailored Products

2021

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“…Em consequência disto, o manto ácido não consegue desenvolver sua função bacteriostática, permitindo ação de agentes patógenos, o que reforça a necessidade de inserir um sabão que apresente pH ácido. (11,19) Quanto ao pH do sabão utilizado, apesar de a maioria dos profissionais estudados utilizarem sabão neutro, a literatura científica indica o pH deve ser levemente ácido. Considerando a maturidade da pele do RN, o uso de produtos com o pH baixo (5,5) pode ajudar a desenvolver mais rapidamente o estrato córneo e o manto ácido do RN, pois, como citado, ela é essencial para a proteção contra agentes penetrantes exógenos, agentes infecciosos e para a manutenção da função imunológica inata.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Critérios clínicos e insumos utilizados no banho de recém-nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso

silva

Oliveira

Veríssimo

et al. 2020

revenf

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Objetivo: identificar os critérios clínicos e insumos utilizados para a administração do primeiro banho em recém-nascido prematuro de muito baixo peso internado em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal.Métodos: estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Com base no Método Canguru/Ministério da saúde, realizado em cinco unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal; população composta por 82 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem. Resultados: os critérios clínicos não apontados na avaliação foram 19,5% para a saturação de oxigênio, 23,2% frequência cardíaca e 29,3% frequência respiratória. Os insumos utilizados na realização do primeiro banho: água de torneira aquecida 56,1%, com controle bacteriológico 52,4%, sabão líquido 89,0%, com pH neutro em 76,8%. Conclusão: a não observância dos sinais clínicos e os insumos inadequados para a realização do banho do recém-nascido prematuro de muito baixo peso pode colocar em risco a segurança do paciente; emergindo adequações para fortalecimento da prática clínica da enfermagem.Descritores: Recém-Nascido de Muito Baixo Peso; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal; Enfermagem Neonatal; Banhos. Objective: To identify the clinical criteria and inputs used for the administration of the first bath in a very low birth weight premature newborns in neonatal intensive care units. Methods: descriptive study, with a quantitative approach based on the Kangaroo/Ministry of Health Method, carried out in five neonatal intensive care units; population composed of 82 professionals from the nursing team. Results: The clinical criteria not mentioned in the evaluation were 19.5% for oxygen saturation, 23.2% heart rate and 29.3% respiratory rate. The inputs used in the first bath: heated tap water (56.1%), with bacteriological control (52.4%), liquid soap (89.0%), with neutral pH (76.8%). Conclusion: Failure to observe clinical signs and inadequate supplies for bathing the very low birth weight premature newborn can put patient safety at risk; emerging adaptations to strengthen clinical nursing practice.Descriptors: Infant, Very Low Weight; Neonatal Intensive Care Units; Neonatal Nursing; Baths. Objetivo: Identificar los criterios clínicos y los insumos utilizados para la administración del primer baño en recién nacidos prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer en unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, basado en el Método Canguro/Ministerio de Salud, realizado en cinco unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales; población compuesta por 82 profesionales del equipo de enfermería. Resultados: Los criterios clínicos no mencionados en la evaluación fueron 19.5% para la saturación de oxígeno, 23.2% de frecuencia cardíaca y 29.3% de frecuencia respiratoria. Los insumos utilizados en el primer baño: agua caliente del grifo (56.1%), con control bacteriológico (52.4%), jabón líquido (89.0%), con pH neutro (76.8%). Conclusión: El incumplimiento de los signos clínicos y los suministros inadecuados para bañar al recién nacido prematuro de muy bajo peso pueden poner en riesgo la seguridad del paciente; adaptaciones emergentes para fortalecer la práctica clínica de enfermería.Descriptores: Infantil, Muy Bajo Peso; Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales; Enfermería Neonatal; Baños.

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“…Many studies have suggested that topical products should be acidified, with pH values ranging from 4 to 6. Side effects such as skin irritation, damaged skin barrier, and cytotoxicity have been documented when using high pH topical products 68 . The skin's buffering ability is a one‐of‐a‐kind natural mechanism that helps it resist acid/alkaline aggression 69 .…”

Section: Future Directions and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Side effects such as skin irritation, damaged skin barrier, and cytotoxicity have been documented when using high pH topical products. 68 The skin's buffering ability is a one-of-a-kind natural mechanism that helps it resist acid/alkaline aggression. 69 With the pH of pectin that is commonly reported to be slightly in the acidic region, 70 therefore the nanoformulations appear best suited to be further explored for use in percutaneous delivery.…”

Section: Future Directions and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of pectin nanostructures for enhanced percutaneous delivery of fusidic acid

Bostanudin

Arafat

Tan

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The study aims to formulate and characterize nanoformulations produced from amphipathically-modified pectin containing fusidic acid, making clear the importance of nanocarrier amphipathicity in boosting drug permeation through the skin. For this purpose, the amphipathically-modified pectin (GBE-PEC) fabrication was achieved following glycidol butyl ether modification via the nucleophilic substitution S N 2 reaction, which was then characterized using thermal analysis, spectroscopic, and chromatographic tools. The materials were subsequently converted into spherical nanostructures (NSs) (size 250-290 nm; zeta potential À25 to À34 mV) via a nanoprecipitation in situ cross-linking approach, demonstrating low viscosity and good colloidal stability under pH 4 conditions. The encapsulated fusidic acid (loading degree 14.9%) was released from GBE-PEC NSs in a more controlled fashion, with release profiles best characterized by the Higuchi model. Interactions with HaCaT cells in vitro demonstrated no apparent cytotoxicity at application relevant conditions, with efficient cellular absorption as evidenced by flow cytometry analysis. Using Franz diffusion cells, GBE-PEC NSs had a 2-fold greater penetration rate through the Strat-M ® membrane than the native pectin NSs. Overall, the study has introduced new insights into the design, fabrication, characterization, and tremendous potential of NSs formulated from GBE-PEC for percutaneous delivery of poorly penetrating actives, which merit further analysis.

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Critical assessment of the pH of children's soap

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Towards Optimal pH of the Skin and Topical Formulations: From the Current State of the Art to Tailored Products

Towards Optimal pH of the Skin and Topical Formulations: From the Current State of the Art to Tailored Products

Critérios clínicos e insumos utilizados no banho de recém-nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso

Investigations of pectin nanostructures for enhanced percutaneous delivery of fusidic acid

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