Preventing childhood overweight and obesity

Onís, Mercedes de

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2014.10.002

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In low-to-middle-income countries of Latin America there have been rising rates of overweight and obesity over the past three decades, which have not spared children and adolescents ( 7 , 8 ). It is estimated that one of every four or five children and adolescents in Latin America is overweight or obese, which represents 20–25% of the overall youth population in this region ( 9 , 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-promoting factors in Mexican children and adolescents: challenges and opportunities

Aceves‐Martins

Llauradó

Tarro

et al. 2016

Global Health Action

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BackgroundMexico is a developing country with one of the highest youth obesity rates worldwide; >34% of children and adolescents between 5 and 19 years of age are overweight or obese.ObjectivesThe current review seeks to compile, describe, and analyze dietary conditions, physical activity, socioeconomic status, and cultural factors that create and exacerbate an obesogenic environment among Mexican youth.DesignA narrative review was performed using PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases, as well as grey literature data from the Mexican government, academics, and statistical reports from nongovernmental organizations, included in electronic formats.ResultsThe recent socioeconomic and nutritional transition has resulted in reduced healthy meal options at public schools, high rates of sedentary lifestyles among adolescents, lack of open spaces and playgrounds, socioeconomic deprivation, false or misunderstood sociocultural traditional beliefs, misconceptions about health, a high percentage of overweight or obese adults, and low rates of maternal breastfeeding. Some of the factors identified are exacerbating the obesity problem in this population. Current evidence also shows that more policies and health programs are needed for prevention of childhood and adolescent obesity. Mexico presents alarming obesity levels, which need to be curtailed and urgently reversed.ConclusionsThe present narrative review presents an overview of dietary, physical activity, societal and cultural preconceptions that are potentially modifiable obesity-promoting factors in Mexican youth. Measures to control these factors need to be implemented in all similar developing countries by governments, policy makers, stakeholders, and health care professionals to tackle obesity in children and young people.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-promoting factors in Mexican children and adolescents: challenges and opportunities

Aceves‐Martins

Llauradó

Tarro

et al. 2016

Global Health Action

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“…26 In spite of the need for individual approaches for children who are already overweight or obese, the international consensus is that prevention is the most realistic approach and the best value for money. 27 It is therefore necessary to develop preventive interventions that can reach a larger number of children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy School, Happy School: Design and Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial Designed to Prevent Weight Gain in Children

Schuh¹,

Goulart²,

Barbiero³

et al. 2017

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

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Background:Schools have become a key figure for the promotion of health and obesity interventions, bringing the development of critical awareness to the construction and promotion of a healthy diet, physical activity, and the monitoring of the nutritional status in childhood and adolescence.Objectives:To describe a study protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention designed to improve knowledge of food choices in the school environment.Methods:This is a cluster-randomized, parallel, two-arm study conducted in public elementary and middle schools in Brazil. Participants will be children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 15 years, from both genders. The interventions will be focusing on changes in lifestyle, physical activities and nutritional education. Intervention activities will occur monthly in the school’s multimedia room or sports court. The control group arm will receive usual recommendations by the school. The primary outcome variable will be anthropometric measures, such as body mass index percentiles and levels of physical activity by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.Results:We expect that after the study children will increase the ingestion of fresh food, reduce excessive consumption of sugary and processed foods, and reduce the hours of sedentary activities.Conclusion:The purpose of starting the dietary intervention at this stage of life is to develop a knowledge that will enable for healthy choices, providing opportunities for a better future for this population.

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“…Statistics from these countries are sparse and may not be directly comparable to those generated in the United States if they use the child growth standards of the World Health Organization or national standards, rather than those of the CDC. In 2012, 37% of school‐aged boys in Mexico were overweight or obese . Latin American countries face a dual challenge of pediatric obesity and undernutrition.…”

Section: Prevalence and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Latin American countries face a dual challenge of pediatric obesity and undernutrition. Through improved nutrition and daily physical activity programs at school, the Pan American Health Organization emphasizes prevention and weight management …”

Section: Prevalence and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Obesity: Influence on Drug Dosing and Therapeutics

Ameer

Weintraub

2018

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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Obesity is an ongoing global health concern and has only recently been recognized as a chronic disease of energy homeostasis and fuel partitioning. Obesity afflicts 17% of U.S. children and adolescents. Severe obesity (≥120% of the 95th percentile of body mass index (BMI) for age, or a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) is the fastest‐growing subgroup and now approaches 6% of all U.S. youth. Health consequences (eg, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease) are related in a dose‐dependent manner to severity of obesity. Because therapeutic interventions are less effective in severe obesity, prevention is a high priority. Treatment plans involving combinations of behavioral therapy, nutrition, and exercise achieve limited success. Only one drug, orlistat, is U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved for long‐term obesity management in adolescents 12 years and older. As part of comprehensive medication management, clinicians should consider the propensity for a given drug to aggravate weight gain and to consider alternatives that minimize weight impact. Medication management must take into account developmental changes as well as the pathophysiology of obesity and comorbidities. Despite expanding insight into obesity pathophysiology, there are gaps in its translation to therapeutic application. The historical construct of obesity as simply a fat‐storage disorder is fundamentally inaccurate. The approach to adjusting doses based solely on body size and extrapolating from therapeutic knowledge of adult obesity may be based on assumptions that are not fully substantiated. Classes of drugs commonly prescribed for comorbidities associated with obesity should be prioritized for clinical research evaluations aimed at optimizing dosing regimens in pediatric obesity.

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Preventing childhood overweight and obesity

Cited by 40 publications

References 16 publications

Obesity-promoting factors in Mexican children and adolescents: challenges and opportunities

Obesity-promoting factors in Mexican children and adolescents: challenges and opportunities

Healthy School, Happy School: Design and Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial Designed to Prevent Weight Gain in Children

Pediatric Obesity: Influence on Drug Dosing and Therapeutics

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