The hematologic profile of Filipino HIV-infected individuals and its association with CD4 counts

Vaswani, Preeti Prerna M.; Senga-Tang, Issa Rufina; Catapia, Jean Rachel M.; Abad, Cybele Lara; Dumagay, Teresita

doi:10.1016/j.htct.2020.10.964

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…HIV RNA viral load testing and drug resistance testing are not routinely performed due to associated costs and limited resources. The high burden of TB and HBV co-infection complicates HIV management [ 102 , 104 ]. PrEP and PEP need to be expanded to further reach populations at risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another challenge in the ART management among PLHIV in the Philippines is the high burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the country, with an estimated Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence of 16.7% in the general population [ 103 ]. Prevalence data on HBV/HIV co-infection in the Philippines remain limited, but one study reported that, among PLHIV ( N = 302), 13.3% ( n = 40) were co-infected with HBV [ 104 ]. The use of certain ART in the setting of HIV/HBV co-infection (such as TDF and lamivudine) requires careful monitoring, since chronic HBV may increase the risk of hepatotoxicity from ART and abrupt discontinuation of ART with anti-HBV activity may lead to HBV reactivation and fulminant hepatitis [ 105 , 106 ].…”

Section: Hiv Treatment and Care Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The State of the HIV Epidemic in the Philippines: Progress and Challenges in 2023

Gangcuangco

Eustaquio²

2023

TropicalMed

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In the past decade, the Philippines has gained notoriety as the country with the fastest-growing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in the Western Pacific region. While the overall trends of HIV incidence and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related deaths are declining globally, an increase in new cases was reported to the HIV/AIDS and ART Registry of the Philippines. From 2012 to 2023, there was a 411% increase in daily incidence. Late presentation in care remains a concern, with 29% of new confirmed HIV cases in January 2023 having clinical manifestations of advanced HIV disease at the time of diagnosis. Men having sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected. Various steps have been taken to address the HIV epidemic in the country. The Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018 (Republic Act 11166) expanded access to HIV testing and treatment. HIV testing now allows for the screening of minors 15–17 years old without parental consent. Community-based organizations have been instrumental in expanding HIV screening to include self-testing and community-based screening. The Philippines moved from centralized HIV diagnosis confirmation by Western blot to a decentralized rapid HIV diagnostic algorithm (rHIVda). Dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy is now the first line. Pre-exposure prophylaxis in the form of emtricitabine–tenofovir disoproxil fumarate has been rolled out. The number of treatment hubs and primary HIV care facilities continues to increase. Despite these efforts, barriers to ending the HIV epidemic remain, including continued stigma, limited harm reduction services for people who inject drugs, sociocultural factors, and political deterrents. HIV RNA quantification and drug resistance testing are not routinely performed due to associated costs. The high burden of tuberculosis and hepatitis B virus co-infection complicate HIV management. CRF_01AE is now the predominant subtype, which has been associated with poorer clinical outcomes and faster CD4 T-cell decline. The HIV epidemic in the Philippines requires a multisectoral approach and calls for sustained political commitment, community involvement, and continued collaboration among various stakeholders. In this article, we outline the current progress and challenges in curbing the HIV epidemic in the Philippines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hiv Treatment and Care Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of the HIV Epidemic in the Philippines: Progress and Challenges in 2023

Gangcuangco

Eustaquio²

2023

TropicalMed

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“…Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) belongs to the lentivirus family (Derbie et al, 2018;Anjum et al, 2023) and if not properly treated, progressively damages the immune system which promotes opportunistic infections, immunological and haematological complications (Goni et al, 2017;Derbie et al, 2018;Vaswani et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The weakening of immunity maybe due to HIV infection (Vaswani et al, 2022), drugs and opportunistic pulmonary infections (Udeani et al, 2018;Sani et al, 2020;Akpan and Umoyen, 2022). Researchers have reported high prevalence of anaemia and thrombocytopenia in asymptomatic HIV positive patients (Parinitha and Kulkarni, 2012;Ekeng et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Invasive fungal infections are major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies; particularly in neutropenic and allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplants recipients (Junior et al, 2017;Osman et al, 2020). Hematologic abnormalities are important at every stages of HIV and involved blood cell lineages including leucocytes, haematopoiesis, thromphocytes (Osman et al, 2020;Vaswani et al, 2022). The hematologic profile of immuno-compromised individuals are indication of viral replication, with severe malignancies; especially in patients with low CD 4 count and high viral load (Abebe and Alemseged, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematological Profile Of Hiv/Aids Individuals With Opportunistic Respiratory Mycoses And Immune Status: A Cross Sectional Study In Uyo Nigeria

Godwin Akpan,

Mark Ogba,

John Umoyen

et al. 2023

Glo Jnl Pure Appl Sci

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Hematological abnormalities are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality among HIV infection. This study was aimed to determine hematological indices, abnormalities and the immune status of HIV/AIDS subjects having opportunistic pulmonary mycoses in Uyo, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was adopted using 230 subjects with pulmonary symptoms attending the Anti-retroviral clinics in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital and Saint Luke’s Hosipital, Anua, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The hematological parameters and CD4 counts was determined using blood and sputum was used for mycological examinations. Data was analysed using statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and was significant at p = 0.05. HIV subjects were more prevalent in female 98(68.89%) than male 56(31.11%). The most commonest fungi was Aspergillus niger (44.76%) and the least was Cryptococcus species (9.00%). The common hematological abnormality was anaemia with 86(86.9%), lymphopenia 33(33.3%) and thrombocytopenia 3(3.0%) among HIV/AIDS subjects with mycoses. The mean CD4 counts was 396.5±31.61 cells/µl (HIV) and 981.7±17.51 cells/µl (control individual). The CD4 counts below 200 cells/μl was observed in 19.4%(35) of AIDS patients. HIV/AIDS subjects with mycoses may develop hematological abnormalities such as anaemia, neutropenia and leucopenia due to low immune status.

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Untitled

2023

J. Med. Chem. Sci.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses a significant problem for the global public health with high morbidity and mortality rates. HIV/AIDS cases in Indonesia, the country with the fifth highest risk of HIV/AIDS in Asia, continue to increase. A decrease in CD4 levels indicates an increase in the opportunistic infection rates of HIV patients. In addition, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) can serve as the basis for bacterial infection, infection rate, and antibiotic therapy. This observational analytic study applies a retrospective cross-sectional design and aims to observe the correlation between bacterial and fungal profiles of clinical specimens and the CD4 cell counts and the NLR values of HIV/AIDS inpatients at Dr. Soetomo Tertiary Referral Hospital from September 2021 to August 2022. A total of 192 bacterial and fungal identification test results from 76 patients were collected, consisting of 83.3% bacterial culture tests, consisting of 52.5% negative cultures, 12% gene expert TB tests, and 4.7% fungal culture tests. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli ESBL were the highest numbers of Gram-negative bacteria found in this study, amounting to 51.33%, followed by Streptococcus viridans, the highest number of Gram-positive bacteria found in this study, amounting to 48.67%. A total of 34.2% commensal bacteria and 21.05% Multi-Drug Resistant Organism (MDRO) bacteria were also found in this study. The gene expert TB tests resulted in 73.9% undetected M. tuberculosis, while the fungal culture tests resulted in 88.9% Candida albicans. Furthermore, there was no correlation between the bacterial and fungal profiles from clinical specimens with CD4 counts or NLR values in HIV/AIDSinfected patients.

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The hematologic profile of Filipino HIV-infected individuals and its association with CD4 counts

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

The State of the HIV Epidemic in the Philippines: Progress and Challenges in 2023

The State of the HIV Epidemic in the Philippines: Progress and Challenges in 2023

Hematological Profile Of Hiv/Aids Individuals With Opportunistic Respiratory Mycoses And Immune Status: A Cross Sectional Study In Uyo Nigeria

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