Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer: Cloning, ontogeny and expression analysis following bacterial infection or ligand stimulation

Paria, Anutosh; Makesh, M.; Chaudhari, Aparna; Purushothaman, C. S.; Rajendran, K. V.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.061

Cited by 14 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…and are homologous to mammals [ [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] ]. The NOD proteins in fish are comparatively larger than TLRs and composed of ~940 and ~980 amino acids (aa) in NOD1 and NOD2, respectively [ 54 , 58 , 60 , [64] , [65] , [66] ]. In zebrafish, the NOD1 and NOD2 proteins contain one (94 aa) and two CARD domains (96 and 90 aa) at the N-terminus that mediate homotypic CARD-CARD interactions with downstream signaling molecules ( Fig.…”

Section: Domain Architecture Of Fish Tlrs and Nlrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of fish Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR)

Sahoo

2020

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

107

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Innate immunity driven by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) protects the host from invading pathogens. Aquatic animals like fish where the adaptive immunity is poorly developed majorly rely on their innate immunity modulated by PRRs like toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR). However, current development to improve the fish immunity via TLR/NLR signaling is affected by a poor understanding of its mechanistic and structural features. This review discusses the structure of fish TLRs/NLRs and its interaction with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and downstream signaling molecules. Over the past one decade, significant progress has been done in studying the structure of TLRs/NLRs in higher eukaryotes; however, structural studies on fish innate immune receptors are undermined. Several novel TLR genes are identified in fish that are absent in higher eukaryotes, but the function is still poorly understood. Unlike the fundamental progress achieved in developing antagonist/agonist to modulate human innate immunity, analogous studies in fish are nearly lacking due to structural inadequacy. This underlies the importance of exploring the structural and mechanistic details of fish TLRs/NLRs at an atomic and molecular level. This review outlined the mechanistic and structural basis of fish TLR and NLR activation.

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