Valence, arousal and sentiment meanings of 33 facial emoji: Insights for the use of emoji in consumer research

Jaeger, Sara R.; Roigard, Christina M.; Jin, David; Vidal, Letícia; Ares, Gastón

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.074

Cited by 86 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…An in-depth exploration of t measured-if emotions or broader agree in how they interpret the m shared agreement in the meaning [18,19] on the meaning of 33 facia emotion word, emoji that are assoc associated with different moods an et al [20] found a high agreement i…”

Section: ) Crying Facementioning

confidence: 97%

“…), that were described in previous studies on adults [18][19][20] as indicating high to low arousal states and expressing different negative emotions which included "fear" and "sadness." These emotions, while differing in arousal are both characterized by a low power [25].…”

Section: Study 1-projective Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research conducted with adults indicated that emoji differ in their affective meaning, spanning broad ranges in core valence and arousal [19,21]. Valence and arousal dimensions have been identified as two fundamental dimensions of meaning of core affect, and thus of emotions [22].…”

Section: Neutral Facementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CATA approach was successfully used with adults to investigate the dominant meaning of emoji [18,19]. With pre-adolescents it has been used previously in connection with emoji to evaluate emotional experiences of food products [8,9,12], but not yet to understand their meaning.…”

Section: Neutral Facementioning

confidence: 99%

“…) described in the literature as expressing "anger," characterized by negative valence and high arousal [19,20]. The emotion "anger" is also high in the power dimension [25].…”

Section: Study 1-projective Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Meaning of Emoji to Describe Food Experiences in Pre-Adolescents

Sick

Monteleone

Pierguidi

et al. 2020

Foods

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Ongoing research has shown that emoji can be used by children to discriminate food products, but it is unclear if they express emotions and how they are linked to emotional words. Little is known about how children interpret emoji in terms of their emotional meaning in the context of food. This study aimed at investigating the emotional meaning of emoji used to describe food experiences in 9–13-year-old pre-adolescents and to measure related age and gender differences. The meaning of 46 emoji used to describe food experience was explored by: mapping emoji according to similarities and differences in their emotional meaning using the projective mapping technique, and linking emoji with emotion words using a check-all-that-apply (CATA) format. The two tasks gave consistent results and showed that emoji were discriminated along the valence (positive vs. negative) and power (dominant vs. submissive) dimension, and to a lower extent along the arousal dimension (high vs. low activation). In general, negative emoji had more distinct meanings than positive emoji in both studies, but differences in nuances of meaning were found also among positive emoji. Girls and older pre-adolescents (12–13 years old (y.o.)) discriminated positive emoji slightly better than boys and younger pre-adolescents (9–11 y.o.). This suggests that girls and older pre-adolescents may be higher in emotional granularity (the ability to experience and discriminate emotions), particularly of positive emotions. The results of the present work can be used for the development of an emoji-based tool to measure emotions elicited by foods in pre-adolescents.

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Section: ) Crying Facementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Study 1-projective Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neutral Facementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neutral Facementioning

confidence: 99%

“…) described in the literature as expressing "anger," characterized by negative valence and high arousal [19,20]. The emotion "anger" is also high in the power dimension [25].…”

Section: Study 1-projective Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Meaning of Emoji to Describe Food Experiences in Pre-Adolescents

Sick

Monteleone

Pierguidi

et al. 2020

Foods

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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When and why do artifact emojis lead to backfire effects on consumer response?

Kim,

Forcum,

Giebelhausen

2024

J of Consumer Behaviour

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In online settings, firms have rapidly adopted emojis in their marketing messages. Thus, marketing research and practice have begun to examine emojis in recent years. However, while prior work has examined the impact of emojis that depict facial expressions and body movements (i.e., kinesic emojis), research into emojis that represent objects (i.e., artifact emojis) is scarce. The present research fills this void by showing that artifact emojis can negatively influence consumer response. Specifically, the authors demonstrate that the presence (vs. absence) of artifact emojis in broadcast marketing messages increases skepticism, as consumers infer the brand has ulterior motives for emoji use. Subsequently, they show decreased response to the brand's broadcast message on multiple marketing outcomes. Moderators that strengthen or weaken the observed effects are also examined: when emojis are less (vs. more) relevant to the text and when artifact emojis substitute (vs. supplement) the word they represent.

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