Nanostructuring electrodes with carbon nanotubes: A review on electrochemistry and applications for sensing

Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic and Electrochemical Detection of Biomolecules

“…[37,117,118] In the simplest approach, SWNTs or MWNTs are randomly deposited onto conductive surfaces in a mat configuration (Fig. 3b 5 ), or packed into a micropipette for use as electrodes.…”

“…[37,117,118] The growing research literature on the electrochemistry of small molecules and ions on nanotube electrodes reveals that the degree of electrocatalysis depends on the way the nanotubes are oriented, how much they are oxygenated, and possibly whether they are SWNTs or MWNTs. A recent review by Gooding [118] discusses strong evidence that enhancement of electron transfer rates depends on the amount of surface oxides on the nanotubes that are presented to the reactant. For example, for fast, reversible electron transfer the ideal separation between oxidation and reduction peaks at 25 °C is 59/n mV, where n is the number of electrons per molecule.…”

“…However, a much slower electron transfer with oxidation-reduction separation on the order of 100 mV was observed when the shortened SWNTs were arranged in a disordered mat on the underlying electrode surface. [118] Such disordered SWNT mat electrodes present mostly sidewalls, as opposed to oxygenated tips, to the electroactive species. Similar results were obtained with ruthenium hexammine.…”

“…Similar results were obtained with ruthenium hexammine. [118] Studies with MWNTs have been performed predominantly with nanotubes in the non-oriented mat format. With these electrodes, electrocatalysis was still attributed to the oxygenated tips of the nanotubes.…”

Electrocatalytic properties of prussian blue nanoparticles supported on poly(m-aminobenzenesulphonic acid)-functionalised single-walled carbon nanotubes towards the detection of dopamine

“…They are essential and promising materials in the field of nano-science and nanotechnology because of their electronic properties and large surface area [1][2][3]. Their contribution to the improvement of electrical properties of some bare electrode such as the glassy carbon [4][5][6], graphite [7][8][9][10], carbon fiber [11], gold [12][13][14][15], and platinum (Pt) electrodes [16] have been reported. As part of its numerous applications, Han et al [17] considered CNTs as suitable mediators for prussian blue (PB)-modified electrodes because of their good electrical conductivity and the property of being particle carriers.…”