Stability of functionalized activated carbon in hot liquid water

Pelt, van Ah; Simakova, O. V.; Schimming, SM; Ewbank, JL; Foo, Guo Shiou; Pidko, Evgeny A.; Hensen, Emiel Emiel; Sievers, Carsten

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2014.05.015

Cited by 60 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…49 However, HWT acidified carbon had the same pore size distribution as as-received carbon. It was shown that treatment with hot liquid water at 200 °C is able to impart a small concentration of weak functional groups, 28 and this effect was also observed in this study ( Table 2).…”

Section: Structure Of Carbon Catalystssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…This indicates that the carbon catalysts are stable during the hydrolysis reaction. 28 As-received carbon gave a conversion and glucose selectivity of 21% and 43%, respectively (Table 2). These values are close to the ones obtained in the absence of a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 catalyst.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was performed by following the procedures as reported in literature. [28][29][33][34] In short, 1.5 g of each sample was added to 50 ml of aqueous solutions of NaOH, NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 , respectively. The concentration of each base solution was 0.05 M. The slurries were shaken for a total of 24 h, filtered, and aliquots of the filtrate (10 ml) were collected.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25][26][27] We recently showed that there is a substantial loss in total acid sites when sulfonated activated carbon is treated in hot liquid water between 150 °C and 225 °C, but the remaining surface functional groups after 12 h of treatment are stable. 28 In addition, it was demonstrated that these stable functional groups in synergy with defect sites created in the acidification process are effective sites for the hydrolysis of cellulose. 29 We rationalized that the adsorption of glucan chains on defect sites or the edges of the graphene sheets induces a conformational change of the glucan that allows an in-plane functional group of the catalyst to attack the exposed glycosidic bond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Hydrolysis of Cellobiose over Selective and Stable Sulfonated Activated Carbon Catalysts

Foo

Pelt

Krötschel

et al. 2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Activated carbon is functionalized by different treatments with sulfuric acid and hot liquid water and used as catalyst for the hydrolysis of cellobiose in a continuously operated fixed bed reactor.Characterization results reveal that the chemically treated materials are more disordered with a lower degree of graphitization, while adsorption isotherms demonstrate that van der Waals forces dominate the interaction between carbohydrates and the surface of catalysts. All catalysts are stable during the hydrolysis of cellobiose under flow conditions. Carbon catalysts with a limited fraction of sulfonic acid groups exhibit moderate cellobiose conversion but a higher and sustained glucose selectivity. The high selectivity is attributed to a higher fraction of weak acid sites, where degradation of glucose only occurs to a limited extent due to less accessibility and competitive adsorption with cellobiose. Furthermore, the strong sulfonic acid groups are more accessible for degradation reactions to occur. In contrast, the catalyst with a higher fraction of sulfonic acid groups shows increased cellobiose conversion but decreased glucose selectivity because glucose monomers can be converted to degradation products at these sites.

show abstract

Section: Structure Of Carbon Catalystssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hydrolysis of Cellobiose over Selective and Stable Sulfonated Activated Carbon Catalysts

Foo

Pelt

Krötschel

et al. 2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The behavior of heterogeneous catalysts in presence of water is very important when considering the effects of biomass processing conditions on the activity and stability of the catalysts [ 118 ]. One could think of acidic pyrolysis oils or application in reactions in which large amounts of water are generated such as HMF synthesis.…”

Section: Stability Of Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeolite Catalysis for Biomass Conversion

Graaff

Pidko

Hensen

2016

Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this contribution, opportunities for the application of zeolites as catalysts in the conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals are discussed. The constitution of various types of biomass in terms of composition and potential uses is briefl y introduced. This contribution will focus on selective transformation of lignocellulosic biomass. Relevant mechanistic insights in the conversion of biomass constituents as well as an overview of the state-of-the-art in the application of zeolites in biomass conversion reactions are discussed. This chapter highlights the unique features of zeolites which make them an appealing choice as catalysts in future chemical biorefi nery approaches.

show abstract