Efficacy of non-invasive diagnostic methods in the diagnosis and screening of oral cancer and precancer

Kim, Do Hyun; Kim, Sun Won; Hwang, Se Hwan

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.12.019

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Compared to visual examination, alternative methods such as toluidine blue staining, brush biopsy, or fluorescence imaging have not been found to reduce HNSCC mortality. Routine screening for HPV infection is not currently recommended [ 71 ].…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Barsouk

Aluru

Rawla³

et al. 2023

Medical Sciences

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of malignancies, involving the oral cavity, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, and salivary glands, that together compose the seventh most common cancer diagnosis worldwide. With 890,000 new cases and 450,000 deaths annually per GLOBOCAN estimates, HNSCC accounts for roughly 4.5% of cancer diagnoses and deaths. In the developing world, the incidence of HNSCC is growing with increasing consumption of tobacco (smoked or chewed), alcohol, and areca nut (betel quid). Alcohol and tobacco have a synergistic effect, with the heavy consumption of both increasing HNSCC risk 40-fold. In developed nations, HPV-related HNSCC surpasses tobacco- and alcohol-related disease. HPV-related HNSCC more commonly affects the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx than the oral cavity, and is associated with a significantly longer median survival (130 months vs. 20 months). Discrepancies in etiology as well as disparities in lifestyle choices and access to healthcare may account for the greater incidence and poorer survival of HNSCC among minority and lower-socioeconomic-status communities in developed nations. Pharmacotherapy and counseling together have been shown to be effective in promoting smoking and alcohol cessation. Education on cancer risk and community engagement have reduced areca nut consumption in Asia as well as in diaspora communities. HPV vaccination, starting at age 11–12 for both sexes, has been shown to reduce the prevalence of high-risk HPV serologies and prevent pre-cancerous lesions of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. As of 2020, 58.6% of eligible adolescents in the US have received the full two-vaccine series. Increased adoption of vaccination, education on safe sex practices, and routine visual oral screening for high-risk patients would curb growing HNSCC incidence in developed nations.

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Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Barsouk

Aluru

Rawla³

et al. 2023

Medical Sciences

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“…The exploration of liquid biopsies marks a promising direction, yet the quest for cell-specific signatures with high reliability presents a formidable challenge [4]. Consequently, researchers increasingly focus on innovative approaches, especially developing biomarkers derived from minimally or non-invasive bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Fluids to Forecasts: The Promise of Small Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs in Revolutionising Cancer Diagnostics

Kartik Kumar,

Venkata Sasidhar

2024

Beyond the Blueprint - Decoding the Elegance of Gene Expression [Working Title]

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Small extracellular vesicle (sEV) RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), have emerged as pivotal biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Encapsulated within sEVs, these miRNAs reflect specific cellular characteristics and disease states, offering a window into cancers’ molecular underpinnings. Notably, miRNAs, such as miR-7977, miR-98-3p, miR-620, and miR-17-5p in lung cancer and miR-373, miR-1246, miR-223-3p, and miR-21 in breast cancer, have been identified in sEVs extracted from various bodily fluids, including blood, urine, and saliva. Their remarkable stability and ease of isolation make them prime targets for non-invasive cancer detection strategies. The fold change of these miRNAs is intricately linked with cancer progression, metastasis, and therapeutic responses, underscoring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Traditional detection methods like quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) have been foundational; however, recent biosensing technologies, such as nanopore sequencing and microfluidic chips, offer enhanced sensitivity and specificity for detecting miRNAs in clinical samples. These innovative approaches refine the detection process and pave the way for real-time monitoring of disease progression and treatment efficacy. Overall, the collective evidence positions sEV miRNAs as robust indicators for cancer, signalling a shift towards personalised cancer care that emphasises early detection and tailored treatment strategies.

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“…Compared with screening the entire population, a program targeting the population at high risk for some cancers can direct resources to those most likely to benefit and can potentially lead to better cost-effectiveness and lower false-positive cases . Despite fitting WHO’s criteria for a disease that screening should target, HNC screening has not been implemented in many jurisdictions due to a lack of systematic understanding on whether such a program would meet WHO’s standards, especially on enhancing survival …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Despite fitting WHO's criteria for a disease that screening should target, 8 HNC screening has not been implemented in many jurisdictions due to a lack of systematic understanding on whether such a program would meet WHO's standards, especially on enhancing survival. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] We aimed to gather international literature published between 2001 and 2022 to answer 3 questions: (1) what are common techniques used for adult HNC screening; (2) are they effective in increasing HNC detection, especially localized tumor detection; and (3) does screening improve overall and cancer-specific survival? Results of this review will provide general insights on the merits of HNC screening in addition to giving more specific guidance on whether such a program should be universal or risk targeted to meet the needs of populations with different existing prevalence of HNC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods, Detection Rates, and Survival Outcomes of Screening for Head and Neck Cancers

Sykes,

Weisbrod,

Rival

et al. 2023

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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ImportanceHead and neck cancers (HNCs) are often diagnosed at advanced clinical stages during their symptomatic phase, leading to a reduced treatment window and poor survival. Screening programs have been suggested as a mitigation strategy.ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of current HNC screening programs in improving diagnosis and survival in adults.Evidence ReviewThis Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses–guided systematic review involved use of peer-reviewed, English-language journal articles identified from MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials between January 1, 2001, and July 15, 2022. Snowballing was applied to retrieve more studies. Eligible articles were original clinical trials and observational studies presenting a universal or risk-targeted screening program of primary HNC in the adult population. Reporting quality was assessed using the JBI’s critical appraisal tools.FindingsDatabase searches yielded 3646 unique citations with an additional 8 studies found via snowballing. Five reviewers assessed the full text of 106 studies. Sixteen articles were ultimately included in the review, involving 4.7 million adults (34.1%-100% male; median age, 30-59 years). Fifteen studies were based in Asia and 1 in Europe (Portugal). Five reported data from randomized clinical trials. An oral inspection conducted once or once every 2 to 3 years was described in 11 studies for screening oral cancer, while multistep screening involving Epstein-Barr virus serologic testing for nasopharyngeal carcinoma delivered every 1 to 4 years was presented in 5. In 4 trials and 6 observational studies, screening significantly increased the detection of localized (stage I/II) tumor or was associated with an increased proportion of diagnoses, respectively, regardless of the population and cancer subsites. Universal screening of asymptomatic adults improved 3- to 5-year overall survival but did not increase cancer-specific survival in 4 trials. Targeted screening improved overall and cancer-specific survival or was associated with improved survival outcomes in 2 trials and 2 observational studies, respectively. Studies had low to medium risks of bias.Conclusions and RelevanceEvidence from the existing literature suggests that a risk-targeted screening program for oral and nasopharyngeal cancers could improve diagnosis and patient survival. Screening adherence, societal cost-effectiveness, and optimal risk stratification of such a program warrant future research, especially in low-incidence settings outside Asia.

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Efficacy of non-invasive diagnostic methods in the diagnosis and screening of oral cancer and precancer

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

From Fluids to Forecasts: The Promise of Small Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs in Revolutionising Cancer Diagnostics

Methods, Detection Rates, and Survival Outcomes of Screening for Head and Neck Cancers

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