Craniofacial morphology in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: cephalometric evaluation

Tepedino, Michele; Illuzzi, Gaetano; Laurenziello, Michele; Perillo, Letizia; Taurino, Anna Maria; Cassano, Michele; Guida, Laura; Burlon, Giuseppe; Ciavarella, Domenico

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.05.026

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Tangugsorn et al 43 reported that patients with OSAS showed a shorter and more posterior maxilla. However, cephalometric studies have reported no significant difference between group in the maxilla size 44 . A previous study reported a significantly higher soft palate thickness in patients with AHI >30 than in those with AHI <30 45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, cephalometric studies have reported no significant difference between group in the maxilla size. 44 A previous study reported a significantly higher soft palate thickness in patients with AHI >30 than in those with AHI <30. 45 Similarly, the authors of the present study observed a significant correlation between OSAS and soft palate thickness.…”

Section: Ta B L E 1 Distribution By Gendermentioning

confidence: 91%

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Cone beam computed tomography analysis results in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

2021

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Introduction The present study aimed to investigate the contribution of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) to the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Methods The present study investigate the relationships among body mass index (BMI), upper airway, septum deviation, nasal cavity width, airway, and the hard and soft palate width using CBCT images of 64 patients obtained in Uşak University Faculty of Dentistry. The study included 31 (8 female and 23 male; mean age: 52.52 ± 10.01 years) and 33 patients (12 female and 21 male; mean age: 47.39 ± 10.27 years) with and without OSAS, respectively. Between‐group comparisons of non‐normally and normally distributed variables were performed using the Mann‐Whitney U test and Student's t‐test, respectively. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between quantitative data. Statistical significance was evaluated at P < .01 and P < .05. Results There were significant differences between groups in the BMI, nasal septum position, hard and soft palate width, maxillary skeletal width, and palatal alveolar angle (P < .01). In addition it was also found that BMI was higher, the nasopharyngeal airway was longer, and the soft palate was longer and wider in males. (P = .001; P < .01). Conclusion This study concluded that patients with OSAS had marked narrowing of the upper airway, nasal cavity and maxillary width, shortening and enlargement of the soft palate, and marked increase in BMI. However, to gather sufficiently reliable data for routine use in orthodontic analyses, there is a need for greater number of samples to improve the database.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Ta B L E 1 Distribution By Gendermentioning

confidence: 91%

Cone beam computed tomography analysis results in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

2021

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“…There is a significant difference in the value of the Sn-GoMp angle of OSA patients between the cranial base and the mandibular plane, which when decreased indicates that the mandible is more posterior to the cranial base (retrognathic). According to Tepedino et al (2020) decreased mandibular length can affect the severity of OSA and is highly correlated to sagittal length with respect to the base of the cranium 6 . Thus it can be concluded that a retrusive mandible can affect the severity of OSA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,4 Predisposing factors for OSA in adults are obesity, age, sex, smoking, craniofacial abnormalities, and morphological abnormalities of the upper respiratory tract. 2,6,7 If OSA is not diagnosed promptly, the patient's condition can worsen due to OSA complications such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and decreased cognitive abilities that can lead to traffic accidents. 8,9 However, due to the lack of awareness among general public and health professionals, early detection and diagnosis of OSA is very important to prevent more serious complications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lateral cephalometric radiograph analysis on obstructive sleep apnea patients

Mustafa

Priaminiarti

Bachtiar-Iskandar

et al. 2022

JRDI

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Objectives: This review article is aimed to investigate changes in anatomical factors in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) patients through means of a cephalometric radiograph, which covers relation and size. Review: This literature review used online databases (PubMed and Scopus) discussing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults aged 18-80 years, using cephalometric analysis, and several keywords such as “obstructive sleep apnea and cephalometry” were employed to do the literature search. The search was limited to full-text articles written in English and published during the 2011-2021 period. Articles were selected by complying with literature review guidelines. Conclusion: Dentists can detect OSA early through lateral radiograph, which is originally an early screening tool, by paying attention to patients’ position during exposure, irradiation condition (kV, mA and Sec) and patient position in OSA diagnosis in regards to hard and soft tissue being evaluated. The specific craniofacial morphological variable could be a reliable parameter in determining the existence of OSA.

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“…Such findings are also reported by other authors and are in line with our findings [ 8 , 39 , 40 ]. In addition, a recent study assessing the relationship between craniofacial anatomy and severity of OSA reports a weak positive correlation between total cranial vertical rotation and AHI, which suggests that a reduced mandibular length may influence the severity of OSA [ 41 ]. After these considerations, it is likely that both facial biotypes potentially predispose one to the airway obstruction through different mechanisms.…”

Section: Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Apnea Severity and Sagittal Cephalometric Features in a Population of Patients with Polysomnographically Diagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Pollis

Lobbezoo

Ferrari

et al. 2022

JCM

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Background and Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder featuring a repeated closure of the upper airway during sleep. Craniofacial anatomy is a potential risk and worsening factor for OSA. This study aims to assess the relationship between cephalometric features of craniofacial morphology and OSA severity in a population of patients with OSA. Material and Methods: A sample of forty-two patients (n = 42, M = 76%, mean age = 57.8 ± 10.8) with a polysomnographically (PSG) confirmed diagnosis of OSA were recruited and underwent cephalometric evaluation of 16 cephalometric variables. In addition, the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation (SatMin), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. Then t-tests were performed to compare the values of all cephalometric variables between two AHI severity-based groups (mild-to-moderate = AHI ≤ 30; severe = AHI > 30). Single- and multiple-variable regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between AHI scores and cephalometric features. Results: Mean AHI, SatMin, and BMI were 31.4 ev/h, 78.7%, and 28.1, respectively. The cephalometric variables were not significantly different between the two OSA-severity groups (p > 0.05). Multiple-variable regression analyses showed that gonial angle and nasopharynx space were negatively associated with AHI, explaining 24.6% of the total variance. Conclusion: This investigation reported that severity of AHI scores in patients with OSA showed a negative correlation with gonial angle and nasopharynx space. As a general remark, although maxillofacial anatomy can be a predisposing factor for OSA, disease severity depends mainly upon other variables.

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Craniofacial morphology in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: cephalometric evaluation

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Cone beam computed tomography analysis results in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

Cone beam computed tomography analysis results in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

Lateral cephalometric radiograph analysis on obstructive sleep apnea patients

Correlation between Apnea Severity and Sagittal Cephalometric Features in a Population of Patients with Polysomnographically Diagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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