Olfactory and taste disorders in COVID-19: a systematic review

Costa, Klinger Vagner Teixeira da; Carnaúba, Aline Tenório Lins; Rocha, Katianne Wanderley; Andrade, Kelly Cristina Lira de; Ferreira, Sónia; Menezes, Pedro de Lemos

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.05.008

Cited by 108 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…In a review on olfactory functions in COVID-19 cases, it was stated that it may take more than a week to replace olfactory/gustatory functions. It is seen that the data we obtained are compatible with the literature in this respect [32]. Therefore, we believe that the data in our study will be useful in terms of including the duration of symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Accordingly, the point that draws attention in terms of age was that many symptoms were statistically significantly higher in the group under 60 years of age. From this point of view, in studies investigating the distribution of symptoms according to age, it was emphasized that, unlike our study, some symptoms were more common in older individuals [32,33]. Similarly, the fact that many symptoms are seen more frequently in women than men may be important in terms of being affected by COVID-19 infection.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

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Otolaryngological manifestations of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection

Korkmaz

Eğilmez

Özçelik

et al. 2020

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

109

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The aim of our study is to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of otolaryngology symptoms in COVID 19 patients. Methods 116 patients with positive PCR test results for COVID-19 and followed up by otolaryngologists at a tertiary referral center/COVID-19 pandemic hospital were questioned in terms of otolaryngology symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection. Data including demographics, disease severity, concomitant diseases, previous otolaryngologic diseases,incidence and duration of new onset symptoms were collected and categorically analyzed. In addition, the severity of loss of smell and taste was evaluated by visual analogue score (VAS). Results A total of 58 men and 58 women participated. The mean age of the patients was 57.24 ± 14.32 (19-83). The most common otolaryngological findings were hyposmia/anosmia (37.9%) and hypogeusia/ageusia (41.37%), respectively. These complaints were followed by headache (37.1%), and nausea/vomiting (31%). The most common oropharyngeal symptoms were sore throat (32.7%) and dysphagia (20.6%). The rate of otological/vestibular symptoms was dizziness (31.8%), tinnitus (11%), true vertigo (6%), and hearing impairment (5.1%), respectively. The most of symptoms were more frequent in > 60 years and women. There was a significant correlation between nasal itching and smell disturbance in patients with allergic rhinitis. Considering the duration of symptoms, the longest were hyposmia/anosmia and hypogeusia/ageusia. The mean VAS's in patients with hyposmia/anosmia and hypogeusia/ageusia were 5.52 ± 2.08 and 5.79 ± 2.21, respectively. Conclusion The most common otolaryngologic symptoms of COVID-19 infection are known as sore throat, smell and/ or taste disturbances. However, our study showed that these patients can be seen with different symptoms in otological or laryngeal areas. Therefore, a more careful evaluation should be made in terms of otolaryngologic symptoms when COVID 19 infection is suspected.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Otolaryngological manifestations of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection

Korkmaz

Eğilmez

Özçelik

et al. 2020

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

109

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“…Overall, 60.7% of the patients had olfactory disorders, whereas 56.4% of the patients had gustatory dysfunctions. Among the included studies, 2/6 reported on the time of onset of olfactory and gustatory disorders [ 18 ]; specifically, Moein et al showed that smell dysfunctions and taste dysfunctions were present in 59/60 (98.3%) and 14/60 (24%) patients, respectively. Of note, patients with olfactory changes, reported that such disorders started at the same time, or immediately after the other COVID-19 symptoms [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xerostomia, gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19

Fantozzi

Pampena

Vanna

et al. 2020

American Journal of Otolaryngology

100

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Background The novel Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) continues to have profound effect on global health. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and characterize specific symptoms associated with COVID-19. Methods This retrospective study included 326 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection evaluated at the Emergency Department of the Umberto I Polyclinic Hospital, Rome, Italy between March 6th and April 30th, 2020. In order to assess xerostomia, olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions secondary to COVID-19, a telephone-based a modified survey obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 for taste and smell disorders and the Fox Questionnaire for dry mouth were administered to 111 patients (34%) after discharge between June 4th and June 12th. Results Taste dysfunction was the most common reported symptom (59.5%; n = 66), followed by xerostomia (45.9%; n = 51) and olfactory dysfunctions (41.4%; n = 46). The most severe symptom was olfactory dysfunction with a median severity score of 8.5 (range: 5–10). Overall 74.5% ( n = 38) of patients with xerostomia, 78.8% ( n = 52) of patients with gustatory dysfunctions and 71.1% ( n = 33) of patients with olfactory dysfunctions reported that all symptoms appeared before COVID-19 diagnosis. Overall, the majority of patients reported one symptom only (45.9%, n = 51), 37 (33.3%) reported the association of two symptoms, and 23 (20.7%) patients reported the association of three symptoms at the same time. Conclusion Xerostomia, gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions may present as a prodromal or as the sole manifestation of COVID-19. Awareness is fundamental to identify COVID-19 patients at an early stage of the disease and limit the spread of the virus.

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“…Information from individual published reports from many countries on the association of loss of smell and taste with COVID-19 has accumulated over a short period of time, but evidence remains controversial as emerging estimates of pooled prevalence come from relatively small studies. 28 , 36 , 37 The few accessible literature reviews on loss of smell and taste in COVID-19 patients do not include a meta-analysis that should provide global or regional pooled estimates. 36 , 37 There has also been an increase in published studies since these reviews appeared in the literature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Smell and Taste Disorders in COVID‐19

2020

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Objective Loss of smell and taste are considered potential discriminatory symptoms indicating triaging for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and early case identification. However, the estimated prevalence essential to guide public health policy varies in published literature. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate prevalence of smell and taste loss among COVID-19 patients. Data Sources We conducted systematic searches of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for studies published on the prevalence of smell and taste loss in COVID-19 patients. Review Methods Two authors extracted data on study characteristics and the prevalence of smell and taste loss. Random-effects modeling was used to estimate pooled prevalence. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted to explore potential heterogeneity sources. This study used PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Results Twenty-seven of 32 studies reported a prevalence of loss of smell, taste, or both from a combined sample of 20,451 COVID-19 patients. The estimated global pooled prevalence of loss of smell among 19,424 COVID-19 patients from 27 studies was 48.47% (95% CI, 33.78%-63.29%). Loss of taste was reported in 20 studies and 8001 patients with an estimated pooled prevalence of 41.47% (95% CI, 3.13%-31.03%), while 13 studies that reported combined loss of smell and taste in 5977 COVID-19 patients indicated a pooled prevalence of 35.04% (95% CI, 22.03%-49.26%). Conclusions The prevalence of smell and taste loss among COVID-19 patients was high globally, and regional differences supported the relevance of these symptoms as important markers. Health workers must consider them as suspicion indices for empirical diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.

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Olfactory and taste disorders in COVID-19: a systematic review

Cited by 108 publications

References 29 publications

Otolaryngological manifestations of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection

Otolaryngological manifestations of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection

Xerostomia, gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19

Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Smell and Taste Disorders in COVID‐19

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