JMT-1: a novel, spherical lytic halotolerant phage isolated from Yuncheng saline lake

Abstract

This work described a novel halotolerant phage, JMT-1, with a spherical morphology. JMT-1, which was isolated from a hypersaline lake, could produce clear plaques on Chromohalobacter sp. LY7-3. The purified virions are spherical, have no visible tail, and are about 30-50nm in diameter. JMT-1 has a wide host range, and this study showed that the phage can infect at least five halophilic bacteria. The proteins of JMT-1 were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and six proteins were detected. Results show that JMT-1 is a bacteriophage with a linear double-stranded DNA. Meanwhile, the genome is approximately 23kb in length and is sensitive to the restriction endonucleases Bam I, EcoR I, Hind III and Kpa I. JMT-1 has a high titer, approaching 1.5×10pfu/mL after dilution to 10pfu/mL. The phage is also sensitive to chloroform but not to temperature, pH, and lowered salt concentration. JMT-1 is a spherical lytic halotolerant phage with a wide host range and has the tolerance to specific extreme environments. These data could provide references for studying phage resources in extreme environments and would also provide the useful methods for isolation and identification of other valuable phage in the salt lake environment.

Prophage Induction Causes Geobacter Electroactive Biofilm Decay

“…Both membrane vesicles, which showed heterogeneous shapes, and homogeneous phage-like particles were detected in G. sulfurreducens growth culture (Figure S1) as reported in previous studies. , Even though, after density gradient ultracentrifugation and membrane-solubilizing agent (chloroform) treatment, only icosahedral phage-like particles, − which had a stable diameter of ca. 50 nm without discernable tail (Figures A and S2), were enriched.…”

Characteristics of a novel temperate bacteriophage against Staphylococcus arlettae (vB_SarS_BM31)

“…2a ). This result suggests that phage BM31 is susceptible to both chloroform and ether, implying the presence of lipids in the capsid or a surrounding lipid layer in the phage (Wang and Li 2018 ). Therefore, chloroform or ether should not be used in further studies on BM31.…”

Characterization and genomic analysis of a novel halovirus infecting Chromohalobacter beijerinckii

“…The majority of haloviruses isolated to date are haloarchaeal viruses, with a few halobacterial viruses. Since the isolation of the first halobacterial virus F9-11 in a hypersaline soil in 1988 ( Calvo et al, 1988 ), a total of 29 halobacterial viruses have been reported ( Calvo et al, 1988 , 1991 ; Kauri et al, 1991 ; Calvo et al, 1994 ; Goel et al, 1996 ; Seaman and Day, 2007 ; Mobberley et al, 2008 ; Kukkaro and Bamford, 2009 ; Aalto et al, 2012 ; Atanasova et al, 2012 ; Shen et al, 2012 ; Yu et al, 2015 ; Atanasova et al, 2015b ; Fu et al, 2016 ; Villamor et al, 2017 ; Wang and Li, 2018 ; Rodela et al, 2019 ; Zrelovs et al, 2020 ; Olonade et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2022 ), with hosts including Halomonas , Salicola , Pseudomonas , Salinivibrio , Salisaeta , Salinibacter , Chromohalobacter , and Virgibacillus . Most studies have focused on virus morphology as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics, while only 15 halobacterial virus genomes have been published in GenBank.…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, only one phage infecting Chromohalobacter , JMT-1, has been isolated, from the saline lake Yuncheng, China, using Chromohalobacter sp. LY7-3 as a host ( Wang and Li, 2018 ), but its genome has not been sequenced. In this study, the halovirus YPCBV-1 was isolated from Yipinglang salt mine in Yunnan Province using C. beijerinckii F3 as a host.…”