Susceptibility and molecular characterization of Candida species from patients with vulvovaginitis

Abstract

Vulvovaginal candidiasis affects women of reproductive age, which represents approximately 15–25% of vaginitis cases. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize yeast from the patients irrespective of the presentation of clinical symptoms. The isolates were subjected to in vitro susceptibility profile and characterization by molecular markers, which intended to assess the distribution of species. A total of 40 isolates were obtained and identified through the CHROMagar, API20aux and by ITS and D1/D2 regions sequencing of DNAr gene. Candida albicans strains were genotyped by the ABC system and the isolates were divided into two genotypic groups. The identity of the C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. kefyr and Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates was confirmed by the multilocus analysis. The strains of Candida, isolated from patients with complications, were found to be resistant to nystatin but sensitive to fluconazole, amphotericin B and ketoconazole, as observed by in vitro sensitivity profile. The isolates from asymptomatic patients, i.e., the colonized group, showed a dose-dependent sensitivity to the anti-fungal agents, fluconazole and amphotericin B. However, the isolates of C. albicans that belong to distinct genotypic groups showed the same in vitro susceptibility profile.

Candida on oral cavity of pediatric individuals with ALL and its susceptibility to nystatin and amphotericin B

“…Focusing cellular viability, 50μL of TCT (Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride) dye (Sigma-Aldrich ® , Saint Louis, USA) were dropped in each well microplate [13]. The reference values to MIC for nystatin were ≤ 4 μg/mL for sensitive isolates, and ≥ 64μg/mL for resistant isolates Fornari et al [14]. For amphotericin B, susceptibility was found to be < 1μg/mL, and resistance > 2μg/mL [14].…”

Association between Intrauterine Device Usage with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

“…This infection is caused by abnormal yeast growth on the mucosal and/or epithelial layers of female genital tract. 1,2 Candida albicans is the most common etiology. More than 85% of vulvovaginal candidiasis are caused by Candida albicans followed by Candida glabrata at 4-5% and may be occasionally caused by Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis.…”

“…More than 85% of vulvovaginal candidiasis are caused by Candida albicans followed by Candida glabrata at 4-5% and may be occasionally caused by Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis. 2 Diagnosis are usually made upon finding the appropriate clinical symptoms and positive fungal result under KOH test and fungal culture examinations. 1,2,3 Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the second most common vulvovaginal disease after bacterial vaginosis in the United States with 29.8% positive lab test results.…”

“…2 Diagnosis are usually made upon finding the appropriate clinical symptoms and positive fungal result under KOH test and fungal culture examinations. 1,2,3 Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the second most common vulvovaginal disease after bacterial vaginosis in the United States with 29.8% positive lab test results. The symptomatic prevalence in Scandinavian countries is found at 13.4%.…”

“…9 Presence of predisposing factors may cause pathogenic transformation upon the Candida fungi, thus causing vaginal candidiasis. 2,4,5 Intrauterine devices were marketed first during early 1970s as an important contraceptive option for 150 million female over the world. It is a safe, reversible, cheap, highly effective, long-run, and non-hormonal contraceptive method that does not hinder sexual activity.…”