Experimental infection with Brazilian Newcastle disease virus strain in pigeons and chickens

Abstract

This study was designed with the goal of adding as much information as possible about the role of pigeons (Columba livia) and chickens (Gallus gallus) in Newcastle disease virus epidemiology. These species were submitted to direct experimental infection with Newcastle disease virus to evaluate interspecies transmission and virus-host relationships. The results obtained in four experimental models were analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for detection of virus shedding. These techniques revealed that both avian species, when previously immunized with a low pathogenic Newcastle disease virus strain (LaSota), developed high antibody titers that significantly reduced virus shedding after infection with a highly pathogenic Newcastle disease virus strain (São Joao do Meriti) and that, in chickens, prevent clinical signs. Infected pigeons shed the pathogenic strain, which was not detected in sentinel chickens or control birds. When the presence of Newcastle disease virus was analyzed in tissue samples by RT-PCR, in both species, the virus was most frequently found in the spleen. The vaccination regimen can prevent clinical disease in chickens and reduce viral shedding by chickens or pigeons. Biosecurity measures associated with vaccination programs are crucial to maintain a virulent Newcastle disease virus-free status in industrial poultry in Brazil.

Comparative clinico-pathological assessment of velogenic (sub-genotype VIIi) and mesogenic (sub-genotype VIm)Avian avulavirus1 in chickens and pigeons

“…A severe form of infection was observed in chickens upon challenge with viruses of velogenic and mesogenic strains (Ezema et al, 2016;Ren et al, 2017;Xue et al, 2017). Likewise, a variable degree of infection was also observed in pigeons inoculated with velogenic and mesogenic strains (Wakamatsu et al, 2006;Guo et al, 2014;Carrasco et al, 2016). However, some of the studies argued that wild bird-(including pigeon) originated avulaviruses need further passages in embryonated chicken eggs in order to adapt and subsequently infect chickens (Kommers et al, 2003).…”

Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences

“…Most of the research into NDV is done as viral challenge models in chickens or in ovo using SPF embryonated chicken eggs, but the strain of chicken and the precise definition of SPF are not often disclosed [444,[478][479][480][481][482][483]. The most commonly reported strain of chicken used is the White Leghorn, along with others such as White Rock and Isa Brown layers [120,447,[484][485][486].…”

“…It is known that differences in the innate immune response in differing breeds of chicken can have drastic effects on the response to infection [487], making this important in describing the model. Some sources that define SPF describe subjects as being serologically or RT-PCR negative for NDV [478,480]. The virus strain and challenge dose of NDV is usually given and is often the experimental variable, but there is not a standard strain and dose that is used as a model of ND [478,485].…”

“…The virus strain and challenge dose of NDV is usually given and is often the experimental variable, but there is not a standard strain and dose that is used as a model of ND [478,485]. A common vaccine strain used in studies is the LaSota strain [430,450,452,480,483,488,489]. Other host species are also used, including Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and pigeons (Columba livia) [480,485].…”

Seroprevalencia Del Virus De Newcastle en Dos Granjas De Patos Pekín en La Provincia Artemisa, Cuba

“…Existe un número alto de especies aviares susceptibles al virus de la ENC que incluye las aves silvestres, acuáticas y ornamentales, las cuales contribuyen constantemente a la diseminación viral. La enfermedad se considera de distribución mundial y se reportó infecciones en más de 200 especies (Carrasco et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2016;OIE, 2018;Elbestawy et al, 2019;Owoya et al, 2020b;Zahid et al, 2020).…”