Influenza A and B in a cohort of outpatient children and adolescent with influenza like-illness during two consecutive influenza seasons

Abstract

publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. braz j infect dis 2 0 2 0;2 4(1):73-80 Outpatient Children Vaccine Lineages Phylogeny Cohort a b s t r a c t Introduction: Influenza is an important cause of morbimortality worldwide. Although people at the extremes of age have a greater risk of complications, influenza has been more frequently investigated in the elderly than in children, and inpatients than outpatients. Yearly vaccination with trivalent or quadrivalent vaccines is the main strategy to control influenza. Objectives: Determine the clinical and molecular characteristics of influenza A and B infections in children and adolescents with influenza-like illness (ILI).Methods: A cohort of outpatient children and adolescents with ILI was followed for 20 months. Influenza was diagnosed with commercial multiplex PCR platforms. Results: 179 patients had 277 episodes of ILI, being 79 episodes of influenza A and 20 episodes of influenza B. Influenza A and B cases were mild and had similar presentation. Phylogenetic tree of influenza B viruses showed that 91.6% belonged to the B/Yamagata lineage, which is not included in trivalent vaccines. Conclusions: Influenza A and B are often detected in children and adolescents with ILI episodes, with similar and mild presentation in outpatients. The mismatch between the circulating influenza viruses and the trivalent vaccine offered in Brazil may have contributed to the high frequency of influenza A and B in this population.

Çocuklarda İnfluenza A ve B Enfeksiyonlarının Klinik ve Laboratuvar Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması

“…These findings suggest that Influenza A infection generally progresses with higher fever in children, and that fever above 38°C and 39°C is more common in children with Influenza A infection, with the difference being particularly significant in the age group of 3-9 years. Daley et al and Machado et al found that the incidence of clinical findings were similar in children with Influenza A and Influenza B infections (4,9). Mattila et al also reported that the two influenza groups were similar in terms of physical examination findings (6).…”

“…Influenza is reported to be more common and severe in very young children. Previous studies suggest that differentiating between the types of influenza may be beneficial since the clinical picture can differ between children with Influenza A and Influenza B infections (4,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). In our study, we compared the clinical and laboratory findings of the two entities.…”

“…Laboratory findings in influenza are generally very similar to those in many other viral respiratory tract infections. However, there may be differences among cases of influenza (2)(3)(4)9). Daley et al reported similar rates of abnormal laboratory findings in children di- (9).…”

“…However, there may be differences among cases of influenza (2)(3)(4)9). Daley et al reported similar rates of abnormal laboratory findings in children di- (9). Zhong et al, however, found that the mean leukocyte count and leukocytosis rate were both significantly higher in patients diagnosed with Influenza A infection (14).…”

Avaliação da prevalência de H1N1 no Brasil entre 2016 e 2020 e a importância da vacinação como estratégia na redução dos casos

“…A influenza A/H1N1 é uma doença infecciosa aguda de alta morbidade e mortalidade, sendo esses índices prevalentes em idosos, crianças, gestantes e portadores de doenças crônicas. Essa patologia tem a capacidade de impactar a rotina dos indivíduos, levando desde à evasão escolar e no trabalho, durante o período de infecção e disseminação do vírus, bem como a provável saturação do sistema de saúde, afetando em quesitos econômicos também, tendo em vista os gastos com atendimento e tratamento (Biondo et al, 2018;Machado et al, 2020).…”