Epidemiological aspects of the first human autochthonous visceral leishmaniosis cases in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Mahmud, Ibrahim Clós; Piassini, Letícia de Araujo Saraiva; Motta, Fabrizio; Behar, Paulo Renato Petersen; Souza, Getúlio Dornelles

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2019.04.004

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Findings of the present study are extremely important for public health in Latin America, with a view to the identification of L. infantum, a causative agent of CVL and HVL (Mahmud, Piassini, Motta, Behar, & Souza, 2019) in a Brazilian zone bordering two countries that, until 2008, were free from infection (Salomón et al, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Identification of Leishmania spp. in horses and a dog from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Pradella

Escobar

Duarte

et al. 2020

Semina: Ciênc. Agrár.

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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan of the genus Leishmania. The disease is transmitted by the bite of a sand fly vector. Although the main reservoirs are dogs, other hosts can be infected and may play this role. Rio Grande do Sul western region, located on the triple border of Brazil-Uruguay-Argentina, represents a VL transmission area. The goal of the present study was to identify Leishmania spp. infection in animals from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul. Nine farms in the Uruguaiana municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, were included. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 113 animals (canine [n=22], equine [n=91]) for detection of Leishmania spp. DNA was isolated and polymerase chain reaction was performed. Eight (7%) animals with Leishmania spp. infection were detected on two farms in the same geographical area, seven of which were horses and one was canine, all of which were asymptomatic. To investigate the species of Leishmania, one of the positive equine samples was subjected to direct sequencing, which confirmed the presence of L. infantum genetic material. Results of this study confirm the presence of L. infantum-infected animals in rural areas of Uruguaiana, and provide evidence supporting further investigation of risk factors for dissemination in such areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Identification of Leishmania spp. in horses and a dog from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Pradella

Escobar

Duarte

et al. 2020

Semina: Ciênc. Agrár.

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“…Recently, it was reported the Leishmania infection in canines and humans in regions without the identification of L. longipalpis . In these cases, transmission occurred close to forest fragments and, after an entomological survey, 437 sandflies of two species, Pintomyia fischeri and Migonemya migonei, were infected by L. infantum , possibly new leishmaniases vectors [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, this region has been considered a transmission area, with canine and human cases and the presence of the main vector, L. longipalpis [ 10 ]. In the following years, the disease spread to other state regions and, in 2016, the first case in humans was recorded in the capital, Porto Alegre [ 4 ]. In Uruguaiana, since 2011, when the first human case occurred in urban areas, the parasite was also detected in canines and horses [ 11 – 13 ] and, recently, the disease has spread to rural areas [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and protective factors of Leishmaniasis in the rural area of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

et al. 2021

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Background The Leishmaniases are on the top of the global list of tropical neglected diseases. The number of infected dogs in South America is estimated in millions and correlated to disease cases in humans, especially in Brazil. Equines may get infected too and can play a role in the epidemiological chain. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate risk and protective factors of leishmaniasis in rural areas of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil by Leishmania spp. protozoa molecular detection and serological evaluation (ELISA) in equine and canine blood samples. This work included nine farms around the city of Uruguaiana. Epidemiologic information regarding farm characteristics and biologic material collection of canine (22) and equine (91), totalizing 113 samples was collected. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect Leishmania spp. in biological samples. Variables related to the farm were collected and evaluated through descriptive analysis followed by chi-square test and a logistic regression analysis. Results Nineteen positive samples (19/113 – 16,81%) were detected, being 18 equines and 1 canine, in six of the nine farms included in the study. No animal showed clinical signs of the disease. According to the variables analyzed, when compared each characteristic separately, the presence of abundant vegetation and poor hygiene demonstrated to be risk factors to Leishmania infection in rural areas. The logistic regression showed that excellent general hygiene, proximity to the weir and trimmed grass were protective factors (p=0.038, p=0.001 and p=0.014, respectively). Having excellent hygiene represents a 70% lower chance of getting infected, keeping the grass cut protects the animal by more than 90% and the proximity of the weir represents a protective factor of 96%. Conclusions The presence of Leishmania infection in the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul was 16,81% and it was influenced by farm characteristics. The role of the excellent general hygiene as a protective factor is extremely relevant in the leishmaniases prevention.

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“…Recently, it was reported the disease in canines and humans in regions without the identi cation of L. longipalpis. In these cases, transmission occurred close to forest fragments and, after an entomological survey, 437 sand ies of two species, Pintomyia scheri and Migonemya migonei, were infected by L. infantum, possibly new leishmaniasis vector [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, this region has been considered a transmission area, with canine and human cases and the presence of the main vector, L. longipalpis [10]. In the following years, the disease spread to other state regions and, in 2016, the rst case in humans was recorded in the capital, Porto Alegre [4]. In Uruguaiana, since 2011, when the rst human case occurred in urban areas, the parasite was also detected in canines and horses [11][12][13] and, recently, the disease has spread to rural areas [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Epidemiological characterization of Leishmaniasis in the rural area of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Pradella

Duarte

Escobar

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Leishmaniasis, zoonotic diseases, are in the top ten list of tropical neglected disease globally. The number of contaminated dogs in South America is estimated in millions of animals and correlated to the human’s cases, especially in Brazil. Equines became infected too and can play a role in the epidemiological chain. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate risk factors to leishmaniasis in rural areas of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil by Leishmania sp. protozoa molecular detection and serological evaluation (ELISA) in equine and canine blood samples. Methods: This work included nine farms around the city of Uruguaiana. It was collected epidemiologic information regarding farm characteristics and biologic material collection of canine and equine, totalizing 113 samples. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect Leishmania spp. in biological samples. Variables related to the farm were collected and evaluated through descriptive analysis followed by chi-square test and a logistic regression analysis.Results: Nineteen positive samples (19/113 – 16,81%) were detected, being 18 equines and 1 canine, in six of the nine farms included in the study. No animal showed clinical signs of the disease. According to the variables analyzed, when compared each characteristic separately, the presence of abundant vegetation and poor hygiene demonstrated to be risk factors to Leishmania infection in rural areas. The logistic regression showed that excellent general hygiene, proximity to the weir and trimmed grass were protective factors (p=0.038, p=0.001 and p=0.014, respectively). Having excellent hygiene represents a 70% lower chance of getting contaminated, keeping the grass cut protects the animal by more than 90% and the proximity of the weir represents a protective factor of 96%.Conclusions: The presence of leishmaniasis in the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul was 16,81% and it was influence by farm characteristics. The role of the excellent general hygiene as a protective factor is extremally relevant in the leishmaniosis prevention.

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Epidemiological aspects of the first human autochthonous visceral leishmaniosis cases in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Identification of Leishmania spp. in horses and a dog from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Identification of Leishmania spp. in horses and a dog from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Risk and protective factors of Leishmaniasis in the rural area of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

WITHDRAWN: Epidemiological characterization of Leishmaniasis in the rural area of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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