Fluorescent antibody test, quantitative polymerase chain reaction pattern and clinical aspects of rabies virus strains isolated from main reservoirs in Brazil

Appolinário, Camila Michele; Allendorf, Susan Dora; Vicente, Acácia Ferreira; Ribeiro, Bruna Devidé; Fonseca, Clovis Reinaldo Silva; Antunes, João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula; Peres, Marina Gea; Kotait, Ivanete; Carrieri, Maria Luíza; Megid, Jane

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2015.06.012

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Likewise, the evaluation of qRT-PCR did not show a relationship of lesion intensity with a greater viral load. This corroborates the findings of Appolinário et al (2015) who observed that there was no relation of replication with different clinical presentations. According to Zhao et al (2009) the difference in pathogenicity would be related to longer duration of cytokine and chemokine expression than to the effects of viral replication.…”

Section: G1supporting

confidence: 92%

Cattle rabies: the effect of clinical evolution, viral genetic lineage, and viral load on the severity of histological lesions

Wisser

Neto

Batista³

et al. 2020

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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ABSTRACT: Our objective was the characterization and staging of histological lesions in different anatomical sites of the central nervous system (CNS) of rabid cattle. The severity of the lesions was compared with the clinical stages of the disease, the variants of viral isolates, and with the load of virus. Thirty-one spontaneously affected rabid cattle the state of Santa Catarina underwent clinical follow-up and were eventually necropsied. CNS tissues were sampled and submitted to direct fluorescent antibody technique (DFAT), immunohistochemistry (IHC), routine histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin stain (HE), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and polymerase chain reaction in quantitative reverse transcriptase in real time (qRT-PCR). Affected cattle were allotted in four groups according to their clinical stage when euthanized: G1, euthanized while standing; G2, euthanized when in sternal recumbence; G3, euthanized when in lateral recumbence; and G4, affected cattle with natural death. In order to evaluate the degree of severity of the lesions and the presence of Negri bodies (NBs), the brain was sectioned at 9 sites. Additionally, spinal cord and trigeminal ganglion sections were examined. The intensity of the lesions was graded as either absent, mild, moderate, or marked, and the presence or absence of the NBs was noted. Histological lesions were characterized by lymphocytic and monocytic meningoencephalitis with NBs in 28 cases. In all analyzed groups, intensities of histological lesions ranging from mild to severe were observed. Brain regions with the highest inflammatory lesion intensity were the medulla at the level of obex, followed by the colliculus and thalamus. NBs were observed in a higher percentage in the cerebellum, followed by medulla at the obex level, striatum complex, and frontal telencephalon. The duration of the clinical course of the disease did not influence the intensity of the inflammatory lesion, but it did influence the presence of NBs, with a higher percentage of these inclusions in cattle that died naturally than in euthanized cattle. All isolated rhabdovirus included in this study were genetically compatible with samples from hematophagous bats Desmodus rotundus. The evaluation by qRT-PCR did not demonstrate a correlation between lesion intensity and the amount of virus.

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Section: G1supporting

confidence: 92%

Cattle rabies: the effect of clinical evolution, viral genetic lineage, and viral load on the severity of histological lesions

Wisser

Neto

Batista³

et al. 2020

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…Fluorescent antibody test (FAT) of RABV infected mouse brain tissues. The presence of RABV in the mice tissues was detected by a FAT method according to the reference (Appolinario et al, 2015). Brain samples were put on clean glass microscope slides and fixed overnight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics analysis of suckling mouse brain infected with attenuated rabies virus strain SRV9

Yan¹,

Xiang²,

Chen³

et al. 2019

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Rabies virus is an enveloped negative-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae. It can be successfully controlled by vaccination however, there are still tens of thousands of deaths each year caused by rabies virus due to its mutations and complexity. A better understanding of the interaction between the rabies virus and the host might help solve this problem. Therefore, in this study, we used two-dimensional electrophoresis to investigate the protein expression of rabies virus-infected mice. This can help us to understand the impact of rabies virus on host protein expression during infection. For our experiment, two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to analyze the differential proteomics of the brain of 10-and 20-day-old suckling mice infected with attenuated rabies virus strain SRV9. The results showed that the expression levels of 10 protein spots had been up-or down-regulated at least 2-fold. Using MALDI-TOF-MS, we identified 8 differentially expressed proteins. We have identified proteins, namely hnRNP L, DPYSL3, NECAPs, and transaldolase that might be closely related to the susceptibility of SRV9 in suckling mice.

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“…Diagnosis: Confirmatory diagnosis is preferably undertaken through virus identification by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test, direct rapid immunohistochemistry test (dRIT), or pan-lyssavirus RT-PCR assays [75]. DFA test, dRIT, and RT-PCR provide a reliable diagnosis in 98% to 100% of cases for all lyssavirus strains if an appropriate conjugate or primer/probe is used [76]. Prevention and control: Rabies control has been mainly afforded through the vaccination of wild and domestic susceptible animal species [77].…”

Section: Rabies Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Equine Encephalitis, a Growing Threat to the Horse Population in Europe?

Lecollinet

Pronost

Coulpier

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Neurological disorders represent an important sanitary and economic threat for the equine industry worldwide. Among nervous diseases, viral encephalitis is of growing concern, due to the emergence of arboviruses and to the high contagiosity of herpesvirus-infected horses. The nature, severity and duration of the clinical signs could be different depending on the etiological agent and its virulence. However, definite diagnosis generally requires the implementation of combinations of direct and/or indirect screening assays in specialized laboratories. The equine practitioner, involved in a mission of prevention and surveillance, plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis of viral encephalitis. The general management of the horse is essentially supportive, focused on controlling pain and inflammation within the central nervous system, preventing injuries and providing supportive care. Despite its high medical relevance and economic impact in the equine industry, vaccines are not always available and there is no specific antiviral therapy. In this review, the major virological, clinical and epidemiological features of the main neuropathogenic viruses inducing encephalitis in equids in Europe, including rabies virus (Rhabdoviridae), Equid herpesviruses (Herpesviridae), Borna disease virus (Bornaviridae) and West Nile virus (Flaviviridae), as well as exotic viruses, will be presented.

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Fluorescent antibody test, quantitative polymerase chain reaction pattern and clinical aspects of rabies virus strains isolated from main reservoirs in Brazil

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Cattle rabies: the effect of clinical evolution, viral genetic lineage, and viral load on the severity of histological lesions

Cattle rabies: the effect of clinical evolution, viral genetic lineage, and viral load on the severity of histological lesions

Proteomics analysis of suckling mouse brain infected with attenuated rabies virus strain SRV9

Viral Equine Encephalitis, a Growing Threat to the Horse Population in Europe?

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