Evaluation of rapid tests for human immunodeficiency virus as a tool to detect recent seroconversion

Girardi, Samira Barboza; Barreto, Angela Maria Egydio de Carvalho; Barreto, Cristine Chaves; Proietti, Anna Bárbara Carneiro; Carvalho, Sílvia Maia Farias de; Loureiro, Paula; Sabino, Éster Cerdeira

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2012.08.013

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A positive result on the first RDT screening test, followed by a negative RDT result on the diluted sample suggests recent infection. This algorithm has been successfully employed in incidence surveys using different RDTs and at differing dilution levels [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilution testing using rapid diagnostic tests in a HIV diagnostic algorithm: a novel alternative for confirmation testing in resource limited settings

Shanks

Siddiqui

Abebe

et al. 2015

Virol J

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Background: Current WHO testing guidelines for resource limited settings diagnose HIV on the basis of screening tests without a confirmation test due to cost constraints. This leads to a potential risk of false positive HIV diagnosis. In this paper, we evaluate the dilution test, a novel method for confirmation testing, which is simple, rapid, and low cost. The principle of the dilution test is to alter the sensitivity of a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) by dilution of the sample, in order to screen out the cross reacting antibodies responsible for falsely positive RDT results. Methods: Participants were recruited from two testing centres in Ethiopia where a tiebreaker algorithm using 3 different RDTs in series is used to diagnose HIV. All samples positive on the initial screening RDT and every 10th negative sample underwent testing with the gold standard and dilution test. Dilution testing was performed using Determine™ rapid diagnostic test at 6 different dilutions. Results were compared to the gold standard of Western Blot; where Western Blot was indeterminate, PCR testing determined the final result.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilution testing using rapid diagnostic tests in a HIV diagnostic algorithm: a novel alternative for confirmation testing in resource limited settings

Shanks

Siddiqui

Abebe

et al. 2015

Virol J

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“…Although it is not an epidemiological routine in Brazil, RITA is an important tool with vast benefits such as identifying populations most vulnerable to infection, monitoring prevention programs and assessing the behaviour of the epidemic in real-time. Additionally, it can clinically benefit individuals, because the early detection of infection favours the prognosis and treatment (Girardi et al, 2012). Based on the clinical and epidemiological importance of RITA, this study aimed to determine the rate of recent infection and incidence of HIV-1 in individuals at the VCT in the city of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency virus 1 among men who have sex with men at the voluntary counselling and testing center in Northeast Brazil

Lima¹,

Menezes²,

Salustiano³

et al. 2021

RSD

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Brazil epidemic had shown an increase in heterosexual transmission and decrease in vertical transmission. However, its incidence has increased among men who have sex with men. Serological screening of patients at a voluntary counselling and testing center in Cabo de Santo Agostinho city, Pernambuco province, Northeast Brazil, was performed to determine the HIV-1 prevalence and incidence. The HIV-1 incidence in the frozen serum aliquots obtained from 2006-2009 was determined using BED-capture enzyme immunoassay. This study evaluated 23,862 individuals, who were serologically tested for HIV-1. HIV-1 infection was diagnosed in 318 individuals (1.33%). MSM showed a higher prevalence of infection (6.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.9-9.5) as compared to heterosexual men (2.8%; 95% CI: 2.35-3.36) and women (0.9%; 95% CI: 0.76-1.0) (p < 0.0001). MSM also showed a higher rate of incidence with 3.93 per 100 people/year. Early diagnosis and preventive measures can reduce the pandemic spread.

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“…Commercially available rapid HIV tests were modified as less sensitive assays to identify recent HIV infection [ 16 ]. Although these modified assays can be used to estimate HIV-1 incidence, complicated steps for dilution and subtype B-derived antigen limit their practical application [ 17 – 18 ]. The recently developed lateral flow assay detects recent HIV-1 infection by measuring antibody avidity with multi-subtype-recombinant proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New Limiting-Antigen Avidity Dot Immuno-Gold Filtration Assay for HIV-1 Incidence

Gao¹,

Yan²,

Xia³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Several laboratory assays on cross-sectional specimens for detecting recent HIV infections were developed, but these assays could not be applied in resource-limited and high HIV-incidence areas. This study describes the development of a rapid assay that can simultaneously detect the presence of HIV-1 antibodies of current and/or recent infection. The dot immuno-gold filtration assay (DIGFA) was used to detect recent infection on the principle of antibody avidity changes between recent and long-term infections. The dot immuno-gold silver staining filtration assay (DIGSSA) increases the sensitivity and accuracy of antibody detection by adding a silver staining step to the DIGFA. In the meantime the digital results were produced by the scanner for ambiguous specimens. Further, HIV-1 routine diagnostic antibody was detected simultaneously for improving practicability. The performance of the assays was then assessed through five serum panels with known serological statuses and seroconversion dates. The proportion of false recent infection (PFR) of the DIGSSA was obtained. Through the optimization of basic parameters for DIGSSA, six specimens were all classified correctly. DIGSSA demonstrated good repeatability and high sensitivity. The agreement of DIGSSA with the BED assay was 92.10% (κ = 0.65) and 95.36% with the LAg-Avidity assay (κ = 0.75). Moreover, the gray values of DIGSSA correlated well with BED ODn (R2 = 0.9397) and LAg-Avidity ODn (R2 = 0.9549). The PFR of DIGSSA was 2.73%, which was lower than that of the BED assay but higher than that of the LAg-Avidity assay. The DIGSSA can feasibly be applied to detect HIV infection and estimate HIV incidence.

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Evaluation of rapid tests for human immunodeficiency virus as a tool to detect recent seroconversion

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Dilution testing using rapid diagnostic tests in a HIV diagnostic algorithm: a novel alternative for confirmation testing in resource limited settings

Dilution testing using rapid diagnostic tests in a HIV diagnostic algorithm: a novel alternative for confirmation testing in resource limited settings

High prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency virus 1 among men who have sex with men at the voluntary counselling and testing center in Northeast Brazil

Development of a New Limiting-Antigen Avidity Dot Immuno-Gold Filtration Assay for HIV-1 Incidence

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