Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis: case report and literature review

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent patients. A mononucleosis-like syndrome may develop in some patients. Various organ involvements (e.g.: encephalitis, meningitis, retinitis, myocarditis, pneumonia, hepatitis, enterocolitis, neuritis), which rarely occur in immunocompetent patients, have also been reported. Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis caused by CMV infection has been reported very rarely in the literature. Here, a case with a very rare clinical form of CMV infection, presenting with persistent fever and livedo reticularis on the extremities and cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis of the toes, is described, and the relevant literature is reviewed. This case report aims to highlight the possibility of CMV infection to be a cause of cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis.

Cutaneous manifestations of COVID ‐19: A review of the published literature

“…Hematological, rheumatic, and cardiovascular diseases and infections can cause secondary livedo reticularis 23 . Cytomegalovirus and parvovirus B19 are the reported causes of secondary livedo reticularis 24 …”

“…23 Cytomegalovirus and parvovirus B19 are the reported causes of secondary livedo reticularis. 24 Casas Galvan et al 7 Rodriguez-Jimenez et al 7…”

Calciphylaxis in Simultaneous Liver–Kidney Transplantation

“…In our report, two patients had a concomitant CMV infection, one of them with subcutaneous tissue invasion. This association has not been previously reported, although CMV has been detected in cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis (9,10). It is unknown whether the CMV mechanisms implied in other vasculitis processes such as direct cell injury, immunemediated injury and/or increase pro-coagulant activity, could be responsible for the endothelial damage observe in CUA.…”

Sudden and transient livedo reticularis as a manifestation of mononucleosis‐like disease by cytomegalovirus

“…Various diseases may cause this condition, including circulatory organ disease, collagen disease, vasculitis, leukaemia and infectious diseases. Although CMV infection is reported to induce peripheral vasculitis and distal ischaemic necrosis, 1,2 other vascular disorders have not been reported. We report a case of CMV‐related LR with spontaneous regression.…”