Paravertebral block using levobupivacaine or dexmedetomidine-levobupivacaine for analgesia after cholecystectomy: a randomized double-blind trial

Evidence basis for using dexmedetomidine to enhance the quality of paravertebral block: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…After reviewing the full text, 56 records were excluded because the study was not an RCT, the data were incomplete, or the interventions were inconsistent. A total of 12 full-text randomized trials ( Mohamed et al, 2014 ; Chen et al, 2015 ; Tian et al, 2015 ; Mohta et al, 2016 ; Dutta et al, 2017 ; Jin et al, 2017 ; Ding et al, 2018 ; Xu et al, 2018 ; Abd-Elshafy et al, 2019 ; Alimian et al, 2021 ; Sen et al, 2021 ; Zha et al, 2021 ) ultimately met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. The flowchart for the retrieval and filtering of records is shown in Figure 1 and summarizes the reasons for the exclusion of records.…”

“…The details of the 12 RCTs, surgical sites, interventions, sample sizes, and assessments of the primary outcomes are summarized in Table 1 . The nerve block localization methods were anatomical localization in one trial ( Mohamed et al, 2014 ), ultrasound localization in 10 trials ( Chen et al, 2015 ; Tian et al, 2015 ; Dutta et al, 2017 ; Jin et al, 2017 ; Ding et al, 2018 ; Xu et al, 2018 ; Abd-Elshafy et al, 2019 ; Alimian et al, 2021 ; Sen et al, 2021 ; Zha et al, 2021 ), and not defined in one trial ( Mohta et al, 2016 ). All trials used long-acting LAs (ropivacaine, bupivacaine, or levobupivacaine) alone.…”

“…The effect of dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to PVB on the postoperative analgesia duration was assessed in 10 trials ( Mohamed et al, 2014 ; Chen et al, 2015 ; Tian et al, 2015 ; Mohta et al, 2016 ; Jin et al, 2017 ; Ding et al, 2018 ; Abd-Elshafy et al, 2019 ; Alimian et al, 2021 ; Sen et al, 2021 ; Zha et al, 2021 ). The duration of postoperative analgesia was defined as the time to first analgesia request.…”