Introduction of a reasonable manner for injection studies using cadavers

Ham, Hyang-Do; Kim, Yeon-Dong; Won, Hyung‐Sun

doi:10.1016/j.bjane.2020.10.016

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…Before proceeding with the above steps, 14 thighs from 7 cadavers (4 males and 3 females; mean age, 72.6 years; range, 57–92 years) were subjected to US and dye injection based on the method introduced by Ham et al [ 31 ], as follows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insight into the vasto-adductor membrane for safer adductor canal blockade

Heo,

Yang,

Nam

et al. 2024

Korean J Pain

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Background This study aimed to identify exact anatomical landmarks and ideal injection volumes for safe adductor canal blocks (ACB). Methods Fifty thighs from 25 embalmed adult Korean cadavers were used. The measurement baseline was the line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the midpoint of the patellar base. All target points were measured perpendicular to the baseline. The relevant cadaveric structures were observed using ultrasound (US) and confirmed in living individuals. US-guided dye injection was performed to determine the ideal volume. Results The apex of the femoral triangle was 25.3 ± 2.2 cm distal to the ASIS on the baseline and 5.3 ± 1.0 cm perpendicular to that point. The midpoint of the superior border of the vasto-adductor membrane (VAM) was 27.4 ± 2.0 cm distal to the ASIS on the baseline and 5.0 ± 1.1 cm perpendicular to that point. The VAM had a trapezoidal shape and was connected as an aponeurosis between the medial edge of the vastus medialis muscle and lateral edge of the adductor magnus muscle. The nerve to the vastus medialis penetrated the muscle proximal to the superior border of the VAM in 70% of specimens. The VAM appeared on US as a hyperechoic area connecting the vastus medialis and adductor magnus muscles between the sartorius muscle and femoral artery. Conclusions Confirming the crucial landmark, the VAM, is beneficial when performing ACB. It is advisable to insert the needle obliquely below the superior VAM border, and a 5 mL injection is considered sufficient.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%