Tattoos: risks and complications, clinical and histopathological approach

Chalarca-Cañas, David; Caviedes-Cleves, Mario A.; Correa-Londoño, Luis A.; Ospina-Gómez, Juan Pablo; Velásquez-Lopera, Margarita M.

doi:10.1016/j.abd.2023.07.004

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 71 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Other cosmetic agents such as tattoos and permanent make-up (PMU) have come under regulatory scrutiny due to the identification of compounds that can elicit local cutaneous reactions and systemic toxicity upon exposure. The common ingredients found in tattoos include metallic salts and organic compounds such as mercury sulphide, cadmium yellow, lead chromate, and cobalt blue [47]. Studies have highlighted the potential health risks associated with these ingredients found in tattoos and PMU inks [48,49].…”

Section: Chemical Contaminants Associated With Natural Cosmetic Ingre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmetic Formulations from Natural Sources: Safety Considerations and Legislative Frameworks in the European Union

Manful,

Ahmed,

Barry-Ryan

2024

Cosmetics

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Consumer preferences, safety, and sustainability aspects of conventional cosmetic ingredients have contributed to an increase in the demand for natural cosmetic ingredients and products. Naturally derived active cosmetic agents and excipients may come into contact with various naturally occurring and synthetic contaminants throughout the supply chain, and substantiating their safety is essential. This review examines the safety and legislative requirements applicable to natural cosmetic ingredients in the European Union (EU). Cosmetic safety requirements include technical data based on the ingredient profile, presence of hazards and the risks associated with the intended conditions of use. The hazard analysis includes screening for microbial contaminants such as aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans; chemical contaminants such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury; and naturally occurring toxins, such as allergens. The toxicological assessment considers both local effects (such as skin sensitisation, eye/skin irritation, and photo-induced effects) and systemic effects (including acute dermal toxicity, sub-acute and sub-chronic toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and toxicokinetics). The EU legislative requirements prohibit the use of animal-based tests for the toxicological evaluation of cosmetic ingredients, paving the way for alternatives termed as New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). The validation of NAMs is critical for their wider usage, and despite advancements, few have been validated, particularly for systemic toxicity testing. The use of NAMs in evaluating the safety of complex natural cosmetic ingredients is further examined.

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Section: Chemical Contaminants Associated With Natural Cosmetic Ingre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmetic Formulations from Natural Sources: Safety Considerations and Legislative Frameworks in the European Union

Manful,

Ahmed,

Barry-Ryan

2024

Cosmetics

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Medical and Societal Implications of Tattoos: From Ancient Traditions to Modern Risks and Removal Challenges

Kerna,

Carsrud,

Azi

et al. 2024

EJAHSS

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Tattoos, an ancient form of body art with roots dating back 5000 years, have evolved from cultural markers to mainstream symbols of self-expression. While historically significant figures like Amunet and Captain James Cook contributed to tattoo lore, modern celebrities like David Beckham and Kat Von D have propelled tattoos into popular culture. However, alongside their rise in popularity, tattoos also bring health risks. Research indicates that up to 67% of individuals with tattoos experience complications, with infections, allergic reactions, and scarring being common concerns. Moreover, tattoos can exacerbate existing medical conditions, particularly in individuals with diabetes, heart conditions, or immunosuppressive disorders. Individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding face additional risks due to physiological changes affecting wound healing and immune response. The chemical composition of tattoo ink, especially in complex styles like tridimensional matryoshka tattoos, poses further health concerns, including heavy metal toxicity and infection risks. Adequate safety measures, including choosing reputable artists, proper aftercare, and thorough pre-tattoo screening, can mitigate these risks. Prompt medical intervention is crucial in severe complications, emphasizing the importance of awareness and precaution in tattooing. Additionally, tattoo removal methods come with their own set of risks and considerations, with laser therapy being the primary choice but not assuring complete removal.

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Tattoos: risks and complications, clinical and histopathological approach

Cited by 2 publications

References 71 publications

Cosmetic Formulations from Natural Sources: Safety Considerations and Legislative Frameworks in the European Union

Cosmetic Formulations from Natural Sources: Safety Considerations and Legislative Frameworks in the European Union

Medical and Societal Implications of Tattoos: From Ancient Traditions to Modern Risks and Removal Challenges

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