Skin manifestations associated with COVID-19

Seque, Camila Arai; Enokihara, Mílvia Maria Simões e Silva; Porro, Adriana María; Tomimori, Jane

doi:10.1016/j.abd.2021.08.002

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Study of the molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells has shed light on different receptor proteins, including ACE2 and TMPRSS2 [ 57 ]. Therefore, during the pandemic months, we focused on the expression of these receptors in the most disparate body areas, including the skin, considering that skin manifestations were being increasingly reported in SARS-CoV-2-affected, or previously positive, patients [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ]. In a January 2021 paper, Xiaotong X. et al [ 47 ] conducted an elegant analysis using different molecular methods to study the expression of ACE2 in skin biopsy samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 and Skin: New Insights and Perspectives

Cazzato

Cascardi²,

Colagrande³

et al. 2022

Biomolecules

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has disrupted global health systems and brought the entire globe to its knees. Although born as a disease of the respiratory system, COVID-19 can affect different parts of the body, including the skin. Reports of ongoing skin manifestations of COVID-19 have gradually multiplied, pushing researchers to investigate the etiopathogenic mechanisms underlying these phenomena in more depth. In an attempt to investigate the possible association between SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, TMPRSS2 and skin manifestations, we performed immunohistochemical investigations of the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 in nine skin samples from SARS-CoV-2-positive patients compared to a cohort of healthy controls. Furthermore, after consulting public databases regarding ACE2 mRNA expression in various cell populations resident in the skin, we conducted a literature review aimed at outlining the current state of this topic. We did not find statistically different immuno-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 between the group of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (nine skin biopsies) and the control group. Regarding ACE2, major immunolabeling was present in the epidermal keratinocytes and, rarely, in the fibroblasts and in the adenomeres of the eccrine sweat glands. Regarding the immune expression of TMPRSS2, we found no significant differences between the two groups, with a weak immune staining only in some skin cytotypes. From the review of the literature, we isolated 35 relevant articles according to the inclusion criteria adopted. ACE2 appears to be a target of SARS-CoV-2, although, other receptor molecules may potentially be implicated, such as TMPRSS2. Future studies with large cases and different molecular investigative methods are needed to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the skin manifestations of SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 and Skin: New Insights and Perspectives

Cazzato

Cascardi²,

Colagrande³

et al. 2022

Biomolecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The other reported vasculitic patterns that occurred after COVID-19 were small-vessel vasculitis, IgA vasculitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, purpura fulminans, urticarial vasculitis, lymphocytic and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. The SARS-CoV-2 and its vaccines can imitate the self antigens of the body that resulted in immune dysregulation that resulted in vasculitis [ 1 , 2 ]. Most cases of COVID-19-related vasculitis run a mild to moderate course.…”

Section: Vasculitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maculopapular rash, which also includes morbilliform eruptions, is the most common cutaneous side effect of the COVID-19 followed by CLL. The morbilliform eruption is also one of the common side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines and usually has a mild course [ 1 , 2 ]. Considering the characteristic formation and disappearance times of CLL lesions, there is also no significant difference between the lesions that occurred after the COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.…”

Section: Morbiliform Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many types of drug reactions including erythema multiforme, which developed after COVID-19, have been reported. Similarly, four cases of mRNA vaccine-related erythema multiforme have been recently documented [ 1 , 2 ]. Increased vaccine-mediated immune boosting may lead to delayed hypersensitivity reaction which is responsible for erythema multiforme like reactions.…”

Section: Erythema Multiformementioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the 2 year pandemic period, it was observed that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with multiple system involvements, including the skin, apart from lung involvement. There are certain similar skin disorders that are both associated with the new coronavirus and its vaccines [ 1 , 2 ]. Fortunately, these reactions are commonly short, benign and self-limited.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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