Deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum in immunocompromised patients

Trichophyton onychomycosis and deep dermatophytosis in a post‐heart transplant patient

“…Fungal tissue culture should be performed in solid organ transplant patients as fungal speciation can affect clinical outcomes and treatment regimens. Deep dermatophytosis generally responds to systemic antifungals, including terbinafine, itraconazole, and posaconazole 6,8,10 …”

“…Deep dermatophytosis has been reported in patients with a history of heart transplantation manifesting as erythematous or violaceous nodules. All patients had accompanying onychomycosis or superficial dermatophyte infection 7–9 . Notably, extra‐cutaneous dissemination of dermatophytosis in solid organ transplant patients is extremely rare, which contrasts with other immunosuppressive states such as CARD9‐deficient patients and other nondermatophyte fungal infections which can disseminate in organ transplant recipients 7 …”

“…Deep dermatophytosis generally responds to systemic antifungals, including terbinafine, itraconazole, and posaconazole. 6,8,10 Deep dermatophytosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of transplant recipients presenting with papulo-nodular lesions on the extremities with concomitant onychomycosis or superficial dermatophytosis.…”

“…All patients had accompanying onychomycosis or superficial dermatophyte infection. [7][8][9] Notably, extracutaneous dissemination of dermatophytosis in solid organ transplant patients is extremely rare, which contrasts with other immunosuppressive states such as CARD9-deficient patients and other nondermatophyte fungal infections which can disseminate in organ transplant recipients. 7 Diagnosis can be confirmed with tissue biopsy demonstrating granulomatous inflammation and fungal hyphae.…”

Synergistic activity of the combination of falcarindiol and itraconazole in vitro against dermatophytes

“…Dermatophyte infections are often superficial and involve the epidermis, skin and keratinized structures like hairs and nails ( Akay et al., 2019 ). On rare occasions, dermatophytes can cause invasive infections involving hair follicles, subcutaneous tissues, and internal organs such as lymph nodes, bones, and the brain ( Wang et al., 2021 ; Silva et al., 2022 ). Invasive dermatophytoses can be classified as Majocchi’s granuloma, deep dermatophytosis, pseudomycetoma, and disseminated dermatophytosis ( Rouzaud et al., 2015 ; Wang et al., 2021 ; Silva et al., 2022 ).…”