Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma: a 20-year retrospective study and review of the literature

Abstract

Background Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm with muscular origin, representing 2%-3% of all cutaneous soft tissue sarcomas. Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize clinicopathological features of patients diagnosed with cutaneous leiomyosarcoma in our center over the last 20-years. Methods A retrospective study of patients with a histopathological diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma between 1999 and 2018 was conducted. Results Eleven patients were diagnosed with cutaneous leiomyosarcoma during this period. Most cases occurred in men (n = 7). Age at presentation ranged from 47 to 92 years (mean 64.9 years). Head and neck were the most frequently involved locations (n = 5). Ten leiomyosarcoma were dermal, with one cutaneous metastasis. Immunohistochemical staining was available for 7 patients, demonstrating positivity for smooth muscle actin in all of them. All neoplasms were treated surgically. Mean survival was 32.2-months. Study limitations This was a retrospective study based on medical and pathological records. Conclusions Histopathology is essential for the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma, usually revealing a dermal or subcutaneous lesion composed of intertwined fascicles of smooth muscle fibers. Immunohistochemistry is then used to adequately differentiate leiomyosarcoma from other spindle cell tumors. When dealing with cutaneous leiomyosarcoma, it is advisable to carefully evaluate the depth of subcutaneous extension, since even minimal subcutaneous involvement may be associated with a poorer prognosis.

Giant leiomyosarcoma of the anterior abdominal wall: case report and review of the literature

“…Radiotherapy can also be used in local palliative control in cases with metastases. 9,10 Regarding prognostic factors, there are few studies in which only the size of the tumor was shown to be an independent prognostic factor in relation to decreased survival. Factors such as a tumor size equal to or greater than 5 cm, deep location with involvement of the fascia, and a high histological grade were correlated with lower survival.…”

What is the nodular lesion on this patient's leg?

“…Leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that arises from smooth muscles and accounts for about 3% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. 2 This type of tumor is most prevalent in White men ages 50 to 70 years. 3 The two types of superfi cial leiomyosarcomas are • Cutaneous, which develop from the arrector pili muscle and have an overall good prognosis.…”

“…Leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that arises from smooth muscles and accounts for about 3% of all soft-tissue sarcomas 2. This type of tumor is most prevalent in White men ages 50 to 70 years 3.…”

“…Subcutaneous , which arise from vascular smooth muscle found in the subcutaneous tissue, and have a higher rate of recurrence, metastasis, and mortality 2,5…”

Kutane Sarkome – nicht alle sind wirklich selten, die meisten „low risk“

“…Der „dermatologische Patient“ hat gelegentlich eine Traumaanamnese und ist mittleren Alters, eher unter 50 Jahre. Der LMS-Patient mit tiefem LMS ist älter und taucht eher in der Orthopädie auf mit „Tumor im Muskel“ an den Extremitäten 23 24 25 .…”