Efficacy of different concentrations of lidocaine and association of vasoconstrictor in local infiltration anesthesia in adults

Analysis of data with dependent measures in clinical and experimental studies

“…This occurs in longitudinal time-dependent assessments (for example, before and after measures, clinical trials, studies of the progress over time of intervention), 1,2 when measures of different areas of the same subject are assessed (for example, comparisons between adjacent structures: healthy vs. sick and split body interventions), 3,4 or when measures are obtained from the same organism challenged by different stimuli (for example, response to drugs, temperature, or pain). 5,6 Variables for which there is a link (whether temporal or organic) between different measures generate data that should be analyzed in a dependent manner (paired or correlated), which minimizes the variability between these measures, maximizing the analytical power, and requiring smaller sample sizes for statistical inferences. However, quantitative analysis of dependent data is sensitive to different analytical assumptions, which demands caution when choosing which statistical techniques to employ and when interpreting their results.…”

Análise de dados com medidas dependentes em estudos clínicos e experimentais

“…Diversos desenhos de pesquisa analisam o mesmo sujeito (ou unidade experimental) em diferentes situações ou sob condições repetidas (Figura 1). Isso ocorre nas avaliações longitudinais dependentes do tempo (por exemplo, medidas antes e depois, ensaios clínicos, evolução temporal de uma intervenção) 1,2 , nas medições em topografias diferentes do mesmo sujeito (por exemplo, comparação entre estruturas adjacentes: saudáveis versus doentes, intervenções split body) 3,4 ou nas medidas oriundas do mesmo organismo desafiado por diferentes estímulos (por exemplo, resposta a drogas, temperatura ou dor) 5,6 .…”