Primary melanoma of leptomeninge in a patient with giant congenital melanocytic nevus

Machado, Adriana Kamilly Leitão Pitman; Nunes, Débora Bacellar Cruz; Carneiro, Francisca Regina Oliveira; Mendes, Alena Margareth Darwich

doi:10.1016/j.abd.2019.11.002

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…When deteriorated melanocytes are located in the basal layer of the skin surface, skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is formed; otherwise, nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is formed[ 7 ]. NMSC can originate from malignantly transformed melanocytes in the uvea, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and meninges[ 8 – 11 ]. It has been shown that advanced melanoma (stage IV) is highly metastatic and insensitive to therapies such as chemotherapy radiotherapy[ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HOPX is a tumor-suppressive biomarker that corresponds to T cell infiltration in skin cutaneous melanoma

et al. 2023

Cancer Cell Int

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Background Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the most threatening type of skin cancer. Approximately 55,000 people lose their lives every year due to SKCM, illustrating that it seriously threatens human life and health. Homeodomain-only protein homeobox (HOPX) is the smallest member of the homeodomain family and is widely expressed in a variety of tissues. HOPX is involved in regulating the homeostasis of hematopoietic stem cells and is closely related to the development of tumors such as breast cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, its function in SKCM is unclear, and further studies are needed. Methods We used the R language to construct ROC (Receiver-Operating Characteristic) curves, KM (Kaplan‒Meier) curves and nomograms based on databases such as the TCGA and GEO to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic value of HOPX in SKCM patients. Enrichment analysis, immune scoring, GSVA (Gene Set Variation Analysis), and single-cell sequencing were used to verify the association between HOPX expression and immune infiltration. In vitro experiments were performed using A375 cells for phenotypic validation. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to further analyze HOPX gene-related genes and their signaling pathways. Results Compared to normal cells, SKCM cells had low HOPX expression (p < 0.001). Patients with high HOPX expression had a better prognosis (p < 0.01), and the marker had good diagnostic efficacy (AUC = 0.744). GO/KEGG (Gene Ontology/ Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis, GSVA and single-cell sequencing analysis showed that HOPX expression is associated with immune processes and high enrichment of T cells and could serve as an immune checkpoint in SKCM. Furthermore, cellular assays verified that HOPX inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of A375 cells and promotes apoptosis and S-phase arrest. Interestingly, tumor drug sensitivity analysis revealed that HOPX also plays an important role in reducing clinical drug resistance. Conclusion These findings suggest that HOPX is a blocker of SKCM progression that inhibits the proliferation of SKCM cells and promotes apoptosis. Furthermore, it may be a new diagnostic and prognostic indicator and a novel target for immunotherapy in SKCM patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HOPX is a tumor-suppressive biomarker that corresponds to T cell infiltration in skin cutaneous melanoma

et al. 2023

Cancer Cell Int

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Aetiology and Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Melanoma: Current Concepts and Advances

Strashilov

Yordanov

2021

IJMS

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Melanoma develops from malignant transformations of the pigment-producing melanocytes. If located in the basal layer of the skin epidermis, melanoma is referred to as cutaneous, which is more frequent. However, as melanocytes are be found in the eyes, ears, gastrointestinal tract, genitalia, urinary system, and meninges, cases of mucosal melanoma or other types (e.g., ocular) may occur. The incidence and morbidity of cutaneous melanoma (cM) are constantly increasing worldwide. Australia and New Zealand are world leaders in this regard with a morbidity rate of 54/100,000 and a mortality rate of 5.6/100,000 for 2015. The aim of this review is to consolidate and present the data related to the aetiology and pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma, thus rendering them easier to understand. In this article we will discuss these problems and the possible impacts on treatment for this disease.

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Primary melanoma of leptomeninge in a patient with giant congenital melanocytic nevus

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

HOPX is a tumor-suppressive biomarker that corresponds to T cell infiltration in skin cutaneous melanoma

HOPX is a tumor-suppressive biomarker that corresponds to T cell infiltration in skin cutaneous melanoma

Aetiology and Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Melanoma: Current Concepts and Advances

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