Specific intravenous immunoglobulin for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever

Vassilenko, S

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)90906-l

Cited by 75 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Nonetheless, immune globulin therapy was introduced in Bulgaria, where it remains in use (Vassilev et al, 1991;Papa et al, 2004;Christova et al, 2009). A 1990 article described the rapid improvement of patients treated with intramuscular and intravenous anti-CCHF immunoglobulin, but its efficacy has still not been assessed in a randomized clinical trial (Vassilenko et al, 1990). In the 1985 nosocomial outbreak in South Africa, clinicians prepared hyperimmune serum from recovering individuals and administered it to 6 patients, and noted that 4 of them showed transient improvement in symptoms (van Eeden et al, 1985b).…”

Section: Antibody Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

et al. 2013

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Bente, Dennis A.; Forrester, Naomi L.; Watts, Douglas M.; McAuley, Alexander J.; Whitehouse, Chris A.; and Bray, Mike, "CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity" (2013 b s t r a c tCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most important tick-borne viral disease of humans, causing sporadic cases or outbreaks of severe illness across a huge geographic area, from western China to the Middle East and southeastern Europe and throughout most of Africa. CCHFV is maintained in vertical and horizontal transmission cycles involving ixodid ticks and a variety of wild and domestic vertebrates, which do not show signs of illness. The virus circulates in a number of tick genera, but Hyalomma ticks are the principal source of human infection, probably because both immature and adult forms actively seek hosts for the blood meals required at each stage of maturation. CCHF occurs most frequently among agricultural workers following the bite of an infected tick, and to a lesser extent among slaughterhouse workers exposed to the blood and tissues of infected livestock and medical personnel through contact with the body fluids of infected patients. CCHFV is the most genetically diverse of the arboviruses, with nucleotide sequence differences among isolates ranging from 20% for the viral S segment to 31% for the M segment. Viruses with diverse sequences can be found within the same geographic area, while closely related viruses have been isolated in far distant regions, suggesting that widespread dispersion of CCHFV has occurred at times in the past, possibly by ticks carried on migratory birds or through the international livestock trade. Reassortment among genome segments during co-infection of ticks or vertebrates appears to have played an important role in generating diversity, and represents a potential future source of novel viruses. In this article, we first review current knowledge of CCHFV, summarizing its molecular biology, maintenance and transmission, epidemiology and geographic range. We also include an extensive discussion of CCHFV genetic diversity, including maps of the range of the virus with superimposed phylogenetic trees. We then review the features of CCHF, including the clinical syndrome, diagnosis, treatment, pathogenesis, vaccine development and laboratory animal models of CCHF. The paper ends with a discussion of the possible future geographic range of the virus. For the benefit of researchers, we include a Supplementary Table listing all published reports of CCHF cases and outbreaks in the English-language literature, plus some principal articles in other languages, with total case numbers, case fatality rates and all CCHFV strains on GenBank.

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Section: Antibody Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

et al. 2013

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“…There was an early recognition of the possible benefits of treatments using serum prepared from the blood of recovered CCHF patients or gammaglobulin obtained from immunization of horses (Hoogstraal, 1979). In more recent times, immunotherapy was attempted via passive transfer of CCHF survivor convalescent plasma (Vasilenko et al, 1990). Although seven patients with severe CCHF who received immune plasma recovered, this was an uncontrolled experiment, and firm evidence of its value is lacking.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

2004

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease caused by the arbovirus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is a member of the Nairovirus genus (family Bunyaviridae). CCHF was first recognized during a large outbreak among agricultural workers in the mid-1940s in the Crimean peninsula. The disease now occurs sporadically throughout much of Africa, Asia, and Europe and results in an approximately 30% fatality rate. After a short incubation period, CCHF is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, chills, severe headache, dizziness, back, and abdominal pains. Additional symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, neuropsychiatric, and cardiovascular changes. In severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations, ranging from petechiae to large areas of ecchymosis, develop. Numerous genera of ixodid ticks serve both as vector and reservoir for CCHFV; however, ticks in the genus Hyalomma are particularly important to the ecology of this virus. In fact, occurrence of CCHF closely approximates the known world distribution of Hyalomma spp. ticks. Therefore, exposure to these ticks represents a major risk factor for contracting disease; however, other important risk factors are known and are discussed in this review. In recent years, major advances in the molecular detection of CCHFV, particularly the use of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in clinical and tick samples have allowed for both rapid diagnosis of disease and molecular epidemiology studies. Treatment options for CCHF are limited. Immunotherapy and ribavirin have been tried with varying degrees of success during sporadic outbreaks of disease, but no case-controlled trials have been conducted. Consequently, there is currently no antiviral treatment for CCHF approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, renewed interested in CCHFV, as well as increased knowledge of its basic biology, may lead to improved therapies in the future. This article reviews the history, epidemiology, ecology, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of CCHF. In addition, recent advances in the molecular biology of CCHFV are presented, and issues related to its possible use as a bioterrorism agent are discussed.

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“…Studies were also conducted to determine the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of CCHF. A new immunoglobulin, Venin, which is specific to CCHFV, has been prepared from the plasma pool of boosted donors through ethanol-polyethylene glycol fractionation and an ion-exchange purification step (65). However, in the case of CCHFV, the beneficial effects of immunotherapy are extremely limited (20,66).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Risk factors and control measures for the infection abatement

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a vector-borne viral disease, widely distributed in different regions of the world. The fever is caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV), which belongs to the Nairovirus genus and Bunyaviridae family. The virus is clustered in seven genotypes, which are Africa-1, Africa-2, Africa-3, Europe-1, Europe-2, Asia-1 and Asia-2. The virus is highly pathogenic in nature, easily transmissible and has a high case fatality rate of 10-40%. The reservoir and vector of CCHFV are the ticks of the Hyalomma genus. Therefore, the circulation of this virus depends upon the distribution of the ticks. The virus can be transmitted from tick to animal, animal to human and human to human. The major symptoms include headache, high fever, abdominal pain, myalgia, hypotension and flushed face. As the disease progresses, severe symptoms start appearing, which include petechiae, ecchymosis, epistaxis, bleeding gums and emesis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, antigen detection, serum neutralization and isolation of the virus by cell culture are the diagnostic techniques used for this viral infection. There is no specific antiviral therapy available thus far. However, ribavirin has been approved by the World Health Organization for the treatment of CCHFV infection. Awareness campaigns regarding the risk factors and control measures can aid in reducing the spread of this disease to a greater extent, particularly in developing countries.

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Specific intravenous immunoglobulin for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Risk factors and control measures for the infection abatement

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