Crown rot of wheat in Australia: Fusarium pseudograminearum taxonomy, population biology and disease management

Alahmad, Samir; Simpfendorfer, S.; Bentley, Alison R.; Hickey, Lee T.

doi:10.1007/s13313-018-0554-z

Cited by 53 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…In Australia, crown rot of wheat causes an estimated $79 million per annum in yield losses (Murray & Brennan, 2009), with significant losses of up to 35% also reported in the Pacific North West of the United States (Smiley et al, 2005). A review by Alahmad et al (2018) outlines the current understanding of crown rot in Australia, where the major causal agent is the fungus Fusarium pseudograminearum, with F. culmorum also contributing significantly in several growing regions with cooler, moister conditions (Backhouse et al, 2004). F. pseudograminearum has also been reported as an important crown rot pathogen in China, Europe, North Africa, North America, South Africa and West Asia (Agusti-Brisach et al, 2018;Burgess et al, 2001;Kazan & Gardiner, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) culms exhibiting premature senescence (dead heads) associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot

Knight

Macdonald²,

Percy

et al. 2020

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) may exhibit significant crown rot disease responses to infection by Fusarium pseudograminearum, with a range of susceptibility levels available in commercial cultivars. Dry conditions during grain-fill may lead to the expression of prematurely senescing culms, which typically fail to set grain. Assessment of hexaploid spring wheat plants exhibiting both non-senescent and prematurely senescent culms was performed using visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, vascular colonisation and quantification of wheat DNA in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown and at the peduncle.A comparison of these parameters at four time points from milk development, when senescent culms are first observed, to maturity was conducted. Samples from six commercial cultivars were collected in 2014 from Narrabri and Tamworth, New South Wales and Wellcamp, Queensland. Prematurely senescent culms exhibited greater visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation than non-senescent culms in each cultivar. Colonisation of xylem and phloem tissue was extensive in the basal portions of prematurely senescent culms (36 to 99%), and suggests significant impacts on water and nutrient movement during crown rot disease. Maturation coincided with significant changes in Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation. Wheat DNA content varied among cultivars, culm conditions, culm sections and sampling times. The variation in the severity of disease states between culms of the same plant suggests that the timing of initiation of infection in individual culms may vary..

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) culms exhibiting premature senescence (dead heads) associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot

Knight

Macdonald²,

Percy

et al. 2020

Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…CR is an increasing issue in many parts of the world due to adoption of minimum tillage practices, which retains the inoculum on stubble across seasons [ 12 , 13 ]. Notably, yield losses due to CR are exacerbated under terminal drought conditions [ 14 – 18 ], thus drought adaptation features related to increased water uptake and or water-use efficiency are expected to reduce production losses in CR affected production systems [ 19 ]. Air-borne pathogens, such as rust, also pose an ongoing constraint as races constantly evolve to acquire new virulence against the deployed resistance genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed breeding for multiple quantitative traits in durum wheat

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPlant breeding requires numerous generations to be cycled and evaluated before an improved cultivar is released. This lengthy process is required to introduce and test multiple traits of interest. However, a technology for rapid generation advance named ‘speed breeding’ was successfully deployed in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to achieve six generations per year while imposing phenotypic selection for foliar disease resistance and grain dormancy. Here, for the first time the deployment of this methodology is presented in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) by integrating selection for key traits, including above and below ground traits on the same set of plants. This involved phenotyping for seminal root angle (RA), seminal root number (RN), tolerance to crown rot (CR), resistance to leaf rust (LR) and plant height (PH). In durum wheat, these traits are desirable in environments where yield is limited by in-season rainfall with the occurrence of CR and epidemics of LR. To evaluate this multi-trait screening approach, we applied selection to a large segregating F2 population (n = 1000) derived from a bi-parental cross (Outrob4/Caparoi). A weighted selection index (SI) was developed and applied. The gain for each trait was determined by evaluating F3 progeny derived from 100 ‘selected’ and 100 ‘unselected’ F2 individuals.ResultsTransgressive segregation was observed for all assayed traits in the Outrob4/Caparoi F2 population. Application of the SI successfully shifted the population mean for four traits, as determined by a significant mean difference between ‘selected’ and ‘unselected’ F3 families for CR tolerance, LR resistance, RA and RN. No significant shift for PH was observed.ConclusionsThe novel multi-trait phenotyping method presents a useful tool for rapid selection of early filial generations or for the characterization of fixed lines out-of-season. Further, it offers efficient use of resources by assaying multiple traits on the same set of plants. Results suggest that when performed in parallel with speed breeding in early generations, selection will enrich recombinant inbred lines with desirable alleles and will reduce the length and number of years required to combine these traits in elite breeding populations and therefore cultivars.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13007-018-0302-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…This is due to mycelium colonization of the roots and base of the plant, including stems, which restricts translocation of water [12]. The symptoms are exacerbated under water-deficit conditions during flowering time and the grain-filling period [13]. This can result in highly shriveled grain and reduced seed quality [5,[14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the main focus for decreasing the impact of CR on yield has been on inoculum reduction through management practices [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. An alternative or complementary strategy could involve breeding durum varieties equipped with physiological traits that improve the balance between water supply and demand to ultimately increase yield stability under CR conditions [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Traits to Improve Durum Wheat Yield in Drought and Crown Rot Environments

Alahmad

Kang

Dinglasan

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) production can experience significant yield losses due to crown rot (CR) disease. Losses are usually exacerbated when disease infection coincides with terminal drought. Durum wheat is very susceptible to CR, and resistant germplasm is not currently available in elite breeding pools. We hypothesize that deploying physiological traits for drought adaptation, such as optimal root system architecture to reduce water stress, might minimize losses due to CR infection. This study evaluated a subset of lines from a nested association mapping population for stay-green traits, CR incidence and yield in field experiments as well as root traits under controlled conditions. Weekly measurements of normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) in the field were used to model canopy senescence and to determine stay-green traits for each genotype. Genome-wide association studies using DArTseq molecular markers identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome 6B (qCR-6B) associated with CR tolerance and stay-green. We explored the value of qCR-6B and a major QTL for root angle QTL qSRA-6A using yield datasets from six rainfed environments, including two environments with high CR disease pressure. In the absence of CR, the favorable allele for qSRA-6A provided an average yield advantage of 0.57 t·ha−1, whereas in the presence of CR, the combination of favorable alleles for both qSRA-6A and qCR-6B resulted in a yield advantage of 0.90 t·ha−1. Results of this study highlight the value of combining above- and belowground physiological traits to enhance yield potential. We anticipate that these insights will assist breeders to design improved durum varieties that mitigate production losses due to water deficit and CR.

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Crown rot of wheat in Australia: Fusarium pseudograminearum taxonomy, population biology and disease management

Cited by 53 publications

References 102 publications

Disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) culms exhibiting premature senescence (dead heads) associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot

Disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) culms exhibiting premature senescence (dead heads) associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot

Speed breeding for multiple quantitative traits in durum wheat

Adaptive Traits to Improve Durum Wheat Yield in Drought and Crown Rot Environments

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