Physical activity and the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Bassuk, Shari S.; Manson, JoAnn E.

doi:10.1007/s11883-003-0053-7

Cited by 107 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Our results confirm reports [7,8,31] showing that CRP and IL-6 are increased in overweight adolescents and might represent, as for adults [2], an early component of the metabolic syndrome. Also, physical activity has been favourably related to different inflammation markers [1], including IL-6 and CRP, in adults [32]. The inverse association between physical activity and IL-6 in the present study population indicates that such a beneficial relationship is observed as early as in adolescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

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Relationships of physical activity with metabolic syndrome features and low-grade inflammation in adolescents

Platat

Wagner

Klumpp³

et al. 2006

Diabetologia

102

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Aims/hypothesis Physical activity has beneficial effects on symptoms of the metabolic syndrome and low-grade inflammation in adults. These associations have rarely been studied in adolescents. Moreover, it has not been established whether they depend on adiposity, fat localisation and adipokines. Subjects, materials and methods We used cross-sectional data of 640 12-year-old adolescents participating in the Intervention Centred on Adolescents' Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Study (ICAPS). Weight, height, body fat mass and WHR were measured. Metabolic syndrome components, two inflammatory markers (IL-6 and Creactive protein), plasma leptin, adiponectin and soluble TNF-α receptor 1 (sTNF-α R1) were determined. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and energy expenditure due to organised leisuretime physical activity (PAE) assessed by questionnaire. Results The metabolic syndrome was present in 5.8% of the adolescents. After adjustment for sex, sexual maturity and socio-economic status, a beneficial relationship between PAE and all metabolic syndrome features was found, but only the associations with HOMA and IL-6 were independent of body fat mass and WHR. Adjusted means from the lowest to the highest tertile of PAE were 1.99, 1.80 and 1.78 for HOMA (p=0.04), and 0.88, 0.69 and 0.70 pg/ml for IL-6 (p=0.02). PAE was inversely associated with leptin, independently of body fat mass and WHR (p<10 −2 ), but not with adiponectin or sTNF-α R1. Further adjustment for adipokines did not change the relationships of PAE with HOMA and IL-6. Conclusions/interpretation In adolescents, physical activity is inversely related to HOMA and IL-6, independently of adiposity and fat localisation. These relationships are not accounted for by adipokines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Recent studies indicate that physical activity is also inversely associated with low-grade inflammation [1], which is increasingly recognised as a significant feature of the metabolic syndrome and as an independent predictor of ischaemic events [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships of physical activity with metabolic syndrome features and low-grade inflammation in adolescents

Platat

Wagner

Klumpp³

et al. 2006

Diabetologia

102

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“…Moreover, we are not aware of any study detailing the cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels in patients with a symptomatic disc herniation in the general Italian adult population. We do not have information on the physical activity of our patients, and this is a major limitation of this study, as physical activity is inversely associated with lipid levels [3]. There are other confounding factors that preclude definitive conclusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Symptomatic disc herniation and serum lipid levels

et al. 2011

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Insufficient blood supply to the intervertebral disc (IVD) has been proposed to play a role as causative factor in IVD degeneration. There is an association between IVD diseases and increased risk of dying of ischaemic heart disease. Obesity and tobacco are potential risk factors for degenerative IVD disease. High blood cholesterol and triglycerides serum levels are risk factors for atherosclerosis, and could be responsible for a decreased in the blood supply to the already poor vascularized IVD. We performed a frequency-matched casecontrol study to determine the serum levels of patients with symptomatic herniated lumbar disc. We examined the fasting serum lipid levels in 384 subjects who were operated at our institution. Group 1 included 169 consecutive patients (115 men and 54 women; mean age: 59.1 years, range 29-85) who underwent surgery for symptomatic disc herniation. Group 2 (control group) included 169 patients (115 men and 54 women; mean age: 61 years, range 26-86) who underwent arthroscopic meniscectomy for a meniscal tear in the same period. These patients were frequency-matched by age (within 3 years) and gender with patients of Group 1. Sera were extracted from blood samples and the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were determined. When comparing the two groups, patients with symptomatic herniated lumbar disc showed statistically significant higher triglyceride concentration (P = 0.02) and total cholesterol concentration (P = 0.01). Serum lipid levels may be a risk factor for IVD pathology. An enhanced understanding of these factors holds the promise of new approaches to the prevention and management of IVD pathology.

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Section: Exercise Training and Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus of this training process should be on improving muscle strength, general flexibility, and cardiovascular exercise. Thus, it is appropriate to perceive physical activity as a medical prescription for the aging population [4,34].The high prevalence of hypertension in modern industrialized societies imposes a considerable public health problem [35], and therefore, prevention of hypertension is a major public health objective. Hypertension is a serious health problem that increases the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease [29,41].…”

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confidence: 99%

Hypertension in aging: physical activity as primary prevention

Ben‐Sira

Oliveira

2007

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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In most physiologic systems, there is considerable evidence that the normal aging processes do not result in significant impairment or dysfunction in the absence of pathology and under resting conditions. However, in response to a stress, the age-related reduction in physiologic reserves causes a loss of regulatory or homeostatic balance. This happens before an individual notices that something is wrong. An additional consequence of age-related changes is an increased perception of effort associated with submaximal work. Thus, a vicious cycle is set up, leading to decreasing exercise capacity, resulting in an elevated perception of effort, subsequently causing avoidance of activity, and finally feeding back to exacerbation of the agerelated declines secondary to disuse. Sedentary behavior is an important risk factor for chronic disease morbidity and mortality in aging. However, there is a limited amount of information on the type and amount of activity needed to promote optimal health and function in older people [19]. The purpose of this review is to discuss the important role of exercise training as a primary prevention tool to hypertension. In addition, this review will address the topic of the recommended amount of physical activity required for health promotion along with the current exercise guidelines.Keywords Work capacity . Aerobic exercise . Isometric exercise . Sympathetic nerve activity Exercise training and blood pressureBy the year 2030, the number of individuals 65 years and over will reach 70 million in the USA alone; persons 85 years and older will be the fastest growing segment of the population. As more individuals live longer, it is imperative to determine the extent and mechanisms by which exercise and physical activity can improve health, functional capacity, quality of life, and independence in this population. Aging is a complex process involving many variables (e.g., genetics, lifestyle factors, chronic diseases) that interact with one another, significantly influencing the manner in which we age [1].Many studies provide evidence that in developed nations such as the USA, a sedentary lifestyle contributes significantly to development of the major risk factors for age-related disease, prominent among them being obesity, diabetes, and hypertension [44]. Conversely, there is increasing evidence that a high level of activity during old age and consequently an influence on the aging process can be achieved by regular training initiated as early as young adulthood. The focus of this training process should be on improving muscle strength, general flexibility, and cardiovascular exercise. Thus, it is appropriate to perceive physical activity as a medical prescription for the aging population [4,34].The high prevalence of hypertension in modern industrialized societies imposes a considerable public health problem [35], and therefore, prevention of hypertension is a major public health objective. Hypertension is a serious health problem that increases the risk of coronary heart disease, ...

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Physical activity and the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Cited by 107 publications

References 63 publications

Relationships of physical activity with metabolic syndrome features and low-grade inflammation in adolescents

Relationships of physical activity with metabolic syndrome features and low-grade inflammation in adolescents

Symptomatic disc herniation and serum lipid levels

Hypertension in aging: physical activity as primary prevention

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