BIIR: A Beacon Information Independent VANET Routing Algorithm with Low Broadcast Overhead

Abstract

Most of the existing VANET routing protocols rely on information collected from beacons for making routing decisions such as next neighbor selection. Beacons are very small size hello messages that each vehicle broadcasts periodically. Owing to very small payload size of beacons as compared to the payload size of a data message, they can easily pass through even very weak links, through which a data message could never pass. Therefore, the use of beacon information for making routing decisions in a highly dynamic scenario such as VANETs may cause selection of routes through which data message can never be sent. Several researchers have given solutions that do not use beacon information for making routing decisions. But most of these solutions incorporate a large number of broadcasts to forward the data packets, causing wastage of bandwidth. In this paper, we present a beacon information independent geographic routing algorithm called BIIR, which reduces the number of broadcasts to forward the data packets by making intelligent use of information collected by the vehicle during previous route discovery attempts for a destination. Our simulation results have shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing beacon less routing protocols in terms of the average number of broadcasts per data packet forwarding, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay experienced by the data messages.

Impact of hybridized rider optimization with cuckoo search algorithm on optimal VANET routing

“…Then, PDR was high, and E2E delay was low in BIIR. Here, the request generation rate was low, and the average delay was high 43 . S‐AMCQ in a previous study 30 offered advantages like a robust and secure routing service.…”

“…In 2016, Kumar and Dave 43 designed BIIR to diminish the count of the broadcasts to forward the data packets. The routing‐based information was made with no consideration in the beacon information.…”

Optimal routing in VANET using improved meta‐heuristic approach: a variant of Jaya

“…In 2015, Kumar and Dave [25] have introduced an algorithm called BIIR (beacon information independent geographic routing algorithm) for forwarding the data packets by the means of providing intelligent use of information, thereby reduces the number of broadcasts. This information was gathered during earlier route discovery efforts for the target by the vehicle.…”

“…Still, it lacks in improvement in average end‐to‐end delay, and the routing overhead needs to be reduced. BIIR [25] has improved the average number of broadcasts and end‐to‐end delay. The major challenge has needed improvement over the validity time and requires further study in various road maps.…”

Research on Data Transmission Optimization Of Communication Network Based on Reliability Analysis

“…Therefore, improving the quality of data transmission in the communication network is very important for the Internet of things. Kumar et al [4] proposed a beacon independent geographic routing algorithm called BIIR which reduced the number of broadcasts to forward the data packets by making intelligent use of information collected by the vehicle during previous route discovery attempts for a destination and found through the simulation that the algorithm outperformed the existing beacon less routing protocols in terms of the average number of broadcasts per data packet forwarding, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay experienced by the data messages. Rahul et al [5] proposed a routing algorithm based on genetic algorithm.…”