Methanol Generation

Wernicke, Hans‐Jürgen; Plass, Ludolf; Schmidt, Friedrich

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39709-7_4

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Overall, the endothermic steam‐CH 4 reforming reaction required nearly 0.2 Nm 3 of CH 4 for every Nm 3 of biogas entering the system (Table ). This amounts to about 30% of the total energy content in the total biogas added to the system . Similarly, Zhang et al estimated that 31–32 Nm 3 of fuel natural gas was needed for every 100 Nm 3 of feed natural gas for a large scale methanol production plant (2500–5000 MT per day; carbon conversion efficiency = 88–89%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermochemical conversion of biogas to methanol consisted of five process sections: 1) biogas cleaning via PWS; 2) steam‐CH 4 reforming to syngas in a plug flow reactor; 3) syngas to methanol conversion in a plug flow reactor; 4) methanol purification; and 5) energy recovery from unreacted gases (Fig. S.3) . The thermochemical biogas to methanol process was modeled based on previous techno‐economic studies on natural gas‐to‐methanol, biomass‐to‐methanol, and biogas‐to‐liquid processes .…”

Section: Modeling Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno‐economic comparison of biogas cleaning for grid injection, compressed natural gas, and biogas‐to‐methanol conversion technologies

Sheets¹,

Shah²

2018

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Technologies to upgrade biogas to value-added products have great potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide economic benefits. However, the costs of conventional upgrading methods, such as purification for natural gas grid injection or compressed natural gas (bio-CNG), have not been compared to the thermochemical or biological conversion of biogas to methanol. This study compared the techno-economic feasibility of upgrading biogas from a large-scale landfill or anaerobic digestion (AD) facility (5900 Nm 3 /h) to: 1) purified biogas (>97% CH 4 ) for grid injection; 2) bio-CNG; 3) methanol via thermochemical conversion; and 4) methanol via biological conversion using methanotrophs (methane-oxidizing bacteria). Bio-CNG had the highest net present value (NPV) ($43 million), followed by purified biogas ($80 000), biological methanol production (−$303 million), and thermochemical methanol production (−$358 million). Methanol costs were slightly lower for thermochemical conversion ($2.11/kg methanol, 1.99/kg after credits) compared to biological conversion ($2.24/kg methanol, $2.19/kg after credits) because the thermochemical technology had higher methanol production rates. Sensitivity analysis indicated that biological conversion costs can be lowered if methanotrophs are modified to have higher CH 4 oxidation rates and higher tolerance to methanol, and if formate costs are reduced.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno‐economic comparison of biogas cleaning for grid injection, compressed natural gas, and biogas‐to‐methanol conversion technologies

Sheets¹,

Shah²

2018

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…Nowadays, the production capacity for a large-scale methanol plant can reach up to more than 5000 metric tons per day [29] and mainly comprise of three processes: synthesis gas production, methanol synthesis and methanol distillation, as shown in Figure 2. The synthesis gas, which mainly contains CO, CO 2 , H 2 , H 2 O, some methane, inert gases and sulphur traces depending on the source, is predominantly produced by reforming of natural gas [32][33][34] or gasification of coal, with the latter especially used in China [22]. Other feedstocks for syngas production include liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha and biomass [33].…”

Section: Traditional Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of The Methanol Economy: The Fuel Cell Route

et al. 2020

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This review presents methanol as a potential renewable alternative to fossil fuels in the fight against climate change. It explores the renewable ways of obtaining methanol and its use in efficient energy systems for a net zero-emission carbon cycle, with a special focus on fuel cells. It investigates the different parts of the carbon cycle from a methanol and fuel cell perspective. In recent years, the potential for a methanol economy has been shown and there has been significant technological advancement of its renewable production and utilization. Even though its full adoption will require further development, it can be produced from renewable electricity and biomass or CO2 capture and can be used in several industrial sectors, which make it an excellent liquid electrofuel for the transition to a sustainable economy. By converting CO2 into liquid fuels, the harmful effects of CO2 emissions from existing industries that still rely on fossil fuels are reduced. The methanol can then be used both in the energy sector and the chemical industry, and become an all-around substitute for petroleum. The scope of this review is to put together the different aspects of methanol as an energy carrier of the future, with particular focus on its renewable production and its use in high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) via methanol steam reforming.

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“…Methanol possesses great potential as carbon source in microbial fermentation processes as it is a non‐food feedstock, pure, and can be completely utilized . With a production of about 60 million metric tons per year, methanol is a broadly available substrate . Methanol synthesis is primarily based on the conversion of synthesis gas (syngas), a mixture of mainly H 2 and CO. Renewable alternatives include the formation of methanol using hydrogen derived from water electrolysis and CO .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a production of about 60 million metric tons per year, methanol is a broadly available substrate . Methanol synthesis is primarily based on the conversion of synthesis gas (syngas), a mixture of mainly H 2 and CO. Renewable alternatives include the formation of methanol using hydrogen derived from water electrolysis and CO . Further, the catalytic conversion of methane into methanol is progressing rapidly .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol as carbon substrate in the bio‐economy: Metabolic engineering of aerobic methylotrophic bacteria for production of value‐added chemicals

Pfeifenschneider

Brautaset

Wendisch

2017

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Bacteria are widely used as cell factories for production of enzymes and chemicals, mostly from sugars. Methylotrophic bacteria can utilize the one‐carbon compound methanol as sole carbon source for growth, and metabolic engineering is being used to develop bioprocesses based on these organisms for conversion of methanol into value‐added chemicals. Methylotrophic model strains include both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and in all cases methanol metabolism proceeds via the cell‐toxic intermediate formaldehyde. Thus, understanding the genetics, biochemistry, and regulation of methylotrophic pathways is crucial for successful strain development and for their concomitant fermentations. Also, such basic knowledge has proven useful for design of strategies and approaches for the rational transfer of methylotrophy into non‐methylotrophic bacteria. In the current review we highlight the best studied methylotrophic model organisms, with particular focus on the Gram‐positive Bacillus methanolicus and the Gram‐negative Methylobacterium extorquens, including their genetics and physiology. We present successful metabolic engineering examples leading to the construction of recombinant strains for the production of amino acids, platform chemicals, terpenoids and dicarboxylic acids derivatives from methanol as sole carbon source. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Methanol Generation

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Techno‐economic comparison of biogas cleaning for grid injection, compressed natural gas, and biogas‐to‐methanol conversion technologies

Techno‐economic comparison of biogas cleaning for grid injection, compressed natural gas, and biogas‐to‐methanol conversion technologies

A Review of The Methanol Economy: The Fuel Cell Route

Methanol as carbon substrate in the bio‐economy: Metabolic engineering of aerobic methylotrophic bacteria for production of value‐added chemicals

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