Mitochondria, free radicals, neurodegeneration and aging

Schapira, Ahv

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7337-6_17

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…It is the mitochondrial DNA that seems to be the most vulnerable target for reactive oxygen products. There are many indications that oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA plays a crucial role in some cases of mitochondrial diseases as well as in ageing (Shigenaga et al 1994;Luft, 1994;Boffoli et al 1994;Tritschler et al 1994;Miquel, 1995;Schapira, 1995;Wong, 1995;Cortopassi & Wang, 1995). The nuclear DNA, on the other hand, is localized too far from the places where active oxygen species are produced, so these species are most probably inactivated on the way to the nuclear DNA.…”

Section: Not Measuredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of uncoupled and non-coupled oxidations in maintenance of safely low levels of oxygen and its one-electron reductants

Skulachev

1996

Quart. Rev. Biophys.

674

440

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To proceed at a high rate, phosphorylating respiration requires ADP to be available. In the resting state, when the energy consumption is low, the ADP concentration decreases so that phosphorylating respiration ceases. This may result in an increase in the intracellular concentrations of O2as well as of one-electron O2reductants such asThese two events should dramatically enhance non-enzymatic formation of reactive oxygen species, i.e. of, and OHׁ, and, hence, the probability of oxidative damage to cellular components. In this paper, a concept is put forward proposing that non-phosphorylating (uncoupled or non-coupled) respiration takes part in maintenance of low levels of both O2and the O2reductants when phosphorylating respiration fails to do this job due to lack of ADP.In particular, it is proposed that some increase in the H+leak of mitochondrial membrane in State 4 lowers, stimulates O2consumption and decreases the level ofwhich otherwise accumulates and serves as one-electron O2reductant. In this connection, the role of natural uncouplers (thyroid hormones), recouplers (male sex hormones and progesterone), non-specific pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and apoptosis, as well as of non-coupled electron transfer chains in plants and bacteria will be considered.

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