Neuroanatomy of Voice and Swallowing

Li‐Jessen, Nicole Y. K.; Ridgway, Chelsea

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28852-5_3

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The control of vocalization is complex, involving multiple sensorimotor, cognitive, and limbic brain regions [ 95 , 96 ]. The basal ganglia are certainly implicated in the initiation and modulation of vocalizations.…”

Section: Neurotoxin Models Of Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat Models of Vocal Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2021

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, degenerative disorder that affects 10 million people worldwide. More than 90% of individuals with PD develop hypokinetic dysarthria, a motor speech disorder that impairs vocal communication and quality of life. Despite the prevalence of vocal deficits in this population, very little is known about the pathological mechanisms underlying this aspect of disease. As such, effective treatment options are limited. Rat models have provided unique insights into the disease-specific mechanisms of vocal deficits in PD. This review summarizes recent studies investigating vocal deficits in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), alpha-synuclein overexpression, DJ1-/-, and Pink1-/- rat models of PD. Model-specific changes to rat ultrasonic vocalization (USV), and the effects of exercise and pharmacologic interventions on USV production in these models are discussed.

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Section: Neurotoxin Models Of Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat Models of Vocal Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2021

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“…Figure 6 is a graphic representation of the brain network that coordinates sucking and swallowing. For a more in depth review the reader is directed to Hockman et al ( 59 ), Diamant ( 60 ), Matsuo and Palmer ( 52 ), Mistry and Hamdy ( 48 ), Barlow ( 53 ), LaMantia et al ( 16 ), Li-Jessen and Ridgway ( 61 ), and Maynard et al ( 15 ).…”

Section: Anatomy and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Nutritive Sucking as an Indicator of Neonatal Brain Injury

et al. 2021

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A term neonate is born with the ability to suck; this neuronal network is already formed and functional by 28 weeks gestational age and continues to evolve into adulthood. Because of the necessity of acquiring nutrition, the complexity of the neuronal network needed to suck, and neuroplasticity in infancy, the skill of sucking has the unique ability to give insight into areas of the brain that may be damaged either during or before birth. Interpretation of the behaviors during sucking shows promise in guiding therapies and how to potentially repair the damage early in life, when neuroplasticity is high. Sucking requires coordinated suck-swallow-breathe actions and is classified into two basic types, nutritive and non-nutritive. Each type of suck has particular characteristics that can be measured and used to learn about the infant's neuronal circuitry. Basic sucking and swallowing are present in embryos and further develop to incorporate breathing ex utero. Due to the rhythmic nature of the suck-swallow-breathe process, these motor functions are controlled by central pattern generators. The coordination of swallowing, breathing, and sucking is an enormously complex sensorimotor process. Because of this complexity, brain injury before birth can have an effect on these sucking patterns. Clinical assessments allow evaluators to score the oral-motor pattern, however, they remain ultimately subjective. Thus, clinicians are in need of objective measures to identify the specific area of deficit in the sucking pattern of each infant to tailor therapies to their specific needs. Therapeutic approaches involve pacifiers, cheek/chin support, tactile, oral kinesthetic, auditory, vestibular, and/or visual sensorimotor inputs. These therapies are performed to train the infant to suck appropriately using these subjective assessments along with the experience of the therapist (usually a speech therapist), but newer, more objective measures are coming along. Recent studies have correlated pathological sucking patterns with neuroimaging data to get a map of the affected brain regions to better inform therapies. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad scope synopsis of the research field of infant nutritive and non-nutritive feeding, their underlying neurophysiology, and relationship of abnormal activity with brain injury in preterm and term infants.

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“…Reproduced with permission from Li-Jessen and Ridgway. 3 associated or breathing issues are more common in younger patients. Voice-associated symptoms become more salient with maturation, as voice issues tend to interfere with social interactions in the teenage years.…”

Section: Left Recurrent Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The internal branch of the SLN provides sensory innervation from the epiglottis to the level of the vocal folds, while the external branch of the SLN provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscles. 3 The RLN arises from the vagus nerve, originating at the medulla of the brainstem. The RLN splits into 2 paths that loop around the subclavian artery on the right and the aorta on the left before traveling back up to the larynx.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The external branch provides motor function to all ipsilateral intrinsic laryngeal muscles, namely, the posterior cricoarytenoid, interarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, and thyroarytenoid muscles (Figure). 3 Toward the end of the embryonic stage, innervating axons enter the dorsolateral region of the larynx in a time-and musclespecific manner. When an axon of a lower motor neuron approaches a muscle fiber, the axon will innervate multiple motor end plates and form neuromuscular junctions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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