10. The Calibration and Characterization of Earth Remote Sensing and Environmental Monitoring Instruments

Butler, James J.; Johnson, Bettye C.; Barnes, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/s1079-4042(05)41010-3

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 222 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…The OLI stim lamps are tungsten halogen lamps and are operated in a constant current mode. It has been widely observed [27], that this type of lamp, operated in this manner, will burn significantly warmer and therefore brighter in a "zero gravity" state. The conventional wisdom is that this is due to the lack of convectional cooling of the filament in a zero gravity environment.…”

Section: Oli Transfer To Orbit Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager Radiometric Calibration and Stability

Markham

Barsi

Kvaran³

et al. 2014

Remote Sensing

199

141

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Abstract:The Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) was radiometrically calibrated prior to launch in terms of spectral radiance, using an integrating sphere source traceable to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standards of spectral irradiance. It was calibrated on-orbit in terms of reflectance using diffusers characterized prior to launch using NIST traceable standards. The radiance calibration was performed with an uncertainty of ~3%; the reflectance calibration to an uncertainty of ~2%. On-orbit, multiple calibration techniques indicate that the sensor has been stable to better than 0.3% to date, with the exception of the shortest wavelength band, which has degraded about 1.0%. A transfer to orbit experiment conducted using the OLI's heliostat-illuminated diffuser suggests that some bands increased in sensitivity on transition to orbit by as much as 5%, with an uncertainty of OPEN ACCESS Remote Sens. 2014, 6 12276 ~2.5%. On-orbit comparisons to other instruments and vicarious calibration techniques show the radiance (without a transfer to orbit adjustment), and reflectance calibrations generally agree with other instruments and ground measurements to within the uncertainties. Calibration coefficients are provided with the data products to convert to either radiance or reflectance units.

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Section: Oli Transfer To Orbit Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager Radiometric Calibration and Stability

Markham

Barsi

Kvaran³

et al. 2014

Remote Sensing

199

141

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“…The global nature of Earth's processes requires consistent long-term calibration of all instruments involved in data retrieval 1 . The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) defines the directional reflection characteristics of an optical surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BRDF study of gray-scale Spectralon

Georgiev

Butler

2008

SPIE Proceedings

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Satellite instruments operating in the reflective solar wavelength region often require accurate and precise determination of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of laboratory based diffusers used in their pre-flight calibrations. In this paper we present gray Spectralon BRDF measured using a monochromatic broadband source at ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared wavelengths. By comparing these results, we quantitatively examine the wavelength and geometrical scatter properties of gray-scale Spectralon. The Spectralon diffusers with specified hemispherical reflectances of 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 99% were measured using P and S incident polarized light over a range of incident and scatter angles. The measurements are compared, and the influence of material composition on the BRDF is described. The future application of gray-scale Spectralon in the calibration of spaceborne sensors is described. All data were obtained using the out-of-plane scatterometer located in NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center's Diffuser Calibration Facility. The results are NIST traceable.

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“…This is valid for an instrument with narrow bandwidth channels. Equation (2) can be rewritten using Equations (3)-(5) as below [12].…”

Section: Dn "mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For RSB, the radiance in Equation (1) can be written for observing the earth as solar reflected radiance, DN " Gain E sun pλq BRDF pφ h , φ ν q R I pλq cos θ dA s dω s dλ dt (12) where E sun is the solar spectral irradiance, BRDF is the bi-directional reflectance distribution function and ϕ h , ϕ v are the horizontal and the vertical incidence angles of solar illumination on the reflectance standard or the earth scene. The instrument calibration for RSB is performed on orbit using a reflectance standard such as Spectralon™ to observe reflected solar radiation in comparison to the reflected light from the earth scene.…”

Section: Dn "mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Calibration Algorithms and SI Traceability of MODIS, VIIRS, GOES, and GOES-R ABI Sensors

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The radiometric calibration equations for the thermal emissive bands (TEB) and the reflective solar bands (RSB) measurements of the earth scenes by the polar satellite sensors, (Terra and Aqua) MODIS and Suomi NPP (VIIRS), and geostationary sensors, GOES Imager and the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) are analyzed towards calibration algorithm harmonization on the basis of SI traceability which is one of the goals of the NOAA National Calibration Center (NCC). One of the overarching goals of NCC is to provide knowledge base on the NOAA operational satellite sensors and recommend best practices for achieving SI traceability for the radiance measurements on-orbit. As such, the calibration methodologies of these satellite optical sensors are reviewed in light of the recommended practice for radiometric calibration at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The equivalence of some of the spectral bands in these sensors for their end products is presented. The operational and calibration features of the sensors for on-orbit observation of radiance are also compared in tabular form. This review is also to serve as a quick cross reference to researchers and analysts on how the observed signals from these sensors in space are converted to radiances.

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10. The Calibration and Characterization of Earth Remote Sensing and Environmental Monitoring Instruments

Cited by 22 publications

References 222 publications

Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager Radiometric Calibration and Stability

Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager Radiometric Calibration and Stability

BRDF study of gray-scale Spectralon

Comparison of the Calibration Algorithms and SI Traceability of MODIS, VIIRS, GOES, and GOES-R ABI Sensors

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