10 Stimmung

Alt, Peter-André

doi:10.17104/9783406750069-154

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A Replacement Of Hbv Diversity Occurred With the Neolithic T...1

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2021

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“…Sexual and perinatal transmission have likely always been the major mechanisms of HBV infection in humans, but cultural practices involving contact with blood [such as tattooing (39)] or nonsexual violent interactions (40) could also have played a role in the spread of the virus in the past. In general, our findings attest to a degree of interconnectivity among prehistoric populations of different origins, subsistence modes, and cultures that allowed for the dissemination of directly transmitted pathogens.…”

Section: A Replacement Of Hbv Diversity Occurred With the Neolithic T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Kocher

Papac

Barquera

et al. 2021

Science

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Ancient DNA traces the history of hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections represent a worldwide human health concern. To study the history of this pathogen, Kocher et al . identified 137 human remains with detectable levels of virus dating between 400 and 10,000 years ago. Sequencing and analyses of these ancient viruses suggested a common ancestor between 12,000 and 20,000 years ago. There is no evidence indicating that HBV was present in the earliest humans as they spread out of Africa; however, HBV was likely present in human populations before farming. Furthermore, the virus was present in the Americas by about 9000 years ago, representing a lineage sister to the viral strains found in Eurasia that diverged about 20,000 years ago. —LMZ

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Section: A Replacement Of Hbv Diversity Occurred With the Neolithic T...mentioning

confidence: 99%