10 Evidence that altered redox status results in KCa3.1 channel reduced endothelial cell surface expression

Abstract

Proposed upper limits for maximal LVEDD for white male is <60 mm and for black and mixed-race males<59 mm. For all females the cut-off is <52 mm. Conclusions Black athletes of both sexes reveal the greatest wall thickness compared with mixedrace and white athletes. Conversely, white athletes display the largest cavity size in both sexes. Mixed-race athletes demonstrate electrocardiogram and echocardiogram features more similar to black athletes than white athletes. Information regarding the upper limits of normality in this age group is useful in enabling the differentiation between physiological adaptation and cardiomyopathy.