10,000Years of explosive eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central Java: archaeological and modern implications

Newhall, Chris; Bronto, Sutikno; Alloway, Brent V.; Banks, Norman G.; Bahar, Ida Baizura; Marmol, Mary Ann del; Hadisantono, Rudy; Holcomb, Robin T.; McGeehin, John P.; Miksic, John N.; Rubin, Meyer; Sayudi, S.D.; Sukhyar, R.; Andreastuti, Supriyati; Tilling, Robert I.; Torley, R.; Trimble, Deborah A.; Wirakusumah, Achmad Djumarma

doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(00)00132-3

Cited by 181 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1 In contrast to 2010, previous episodes of volcanic activity at Merapi over the last century were frequently characterised by prolonged dome extrusion and subsequent gravitational collapse to produce block-and-ash flows (BAFs) or "Merapi-type nuées ardentes" (e.g. Andreastuti et al 2000;Newhall et al 2000;Voight et al 2000;Gertisser et al 2012a;Surono et al 2012). The previous eruption in 2006 is a well-characterised extrusive, dome-forming eruption at Merapi (Charbonnier and Gertisser 2008;Gertisser et al 2012b;Preece et al 2013;Ratdomopurbo et al 2013).…”

Section: The 2010 and 2006 Eruptions Of Merapimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All measured melt inclusions including the "high-CO 2 " inclusions are shown, some of which were subsequently re-analysed with ATR micro-FTIR. As a comparison to the 2010 and 2006 melt inclusions, clinopyroxene-hosted melt inclusions from two older deposits are also shown, namely a young, widespread basaltic breadcrust bombrich PDC deposit on Merapi's southern flank (Newhall et al 2000;Gertisser et al 2012a), tentatively ascribed to the VEI 4 1872 eruption, the last VEI 4 eruption prior to 2010 (Newhall et al 2000), and the pumiceous "Trayem tephra" produced during a prehistoric VEI 4 sub-plinian eruption (Gertisser 2001;Gertisser et al 2012a). Note that the breadcrust bomb and "Trayem tephra" CO 2 values were obtained by low-resolution measurements.…”

Section: F S CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre- and syn-eruptive degassing and crystallisation processes of the 2010 and 2006 eruptions of Merapi volcano, Indonesia

Preece

Gertisser

Barclay

et al. 2014

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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clasts resulting from sub-plinian convective column collapse. This paper presents geochemical data for melt inclusions and their clinopyroxene hosts extracted from dense dome lava, grey scoria and white pumice generated during the peak of the 2010 eruption. These are compared with clinopyroxenehosted melt inclusions from scoriaceous dome fragments from the prolonged dome-forming 2006 eruption, to elucidate any relationship between pre-eruptive degassing and crystallisation processes and eruptive style. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of volatiles (H 2 O, CO 2 ) and light lithophile elements (Li, B, Be) is augmented by electron microprobe analysis of major elements and volatiles (Cl, S, F) in melt inclusions and groundmass glass. Geobarometric analysis shows that the clinopyroxene phenocrysts crystallised at depths of up to 20 km, with the greatest calculated depths associated with phenocrysts from the white pumice. Based on their volatile contents, melt inclusions have reequilibrated during shallower storage and/or ascent, at depths of ~0.6-9.7 km, where the Merapi magma system is interpreted to be highly interconnected and not formed of discrete magma reservoirs. Melt inclusions enriched in Li show uniform "buffered" Cl concentrations, indicating the presence of an exsolved brine phase. Boron-enriched inclusions also support the presence of a brine phase, which helped to stabilise B in the melt. Calculations based on S concentrations in melt inclusions and groundmass glass require a degassing melt volume of 0.36 km 3 in order to produce the mass of SO 2 emitted during the 2010 eruption. This volume is approximately an order of magnitude higher than the erupted magma (DRE) volume. The transition between the contrasting eruptive styles in 2010 and 2006 is linked to changes in magmatic flux and changes in degassing style, with the explosive activity in 2010 driven by an influx of deep magma, which overwhelmed the shallower magma system and ascended rapidly, accompanied by closed-system degassing. AbstractThe 2010 eruption of Merapi (VEI 4) was the volcano's largest since 1872. In contrast to the prolonged and effusive dome-forming eruptions typical of Merapi's recent activity, the 2010 eruption began explosively, before a new dome was rapidly emplaced. This new dome was subsequently destroyed by explosions, generating pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), predominantly consisting of dark coloured, dense blocks of basaltic andesite dome lava. A shift towards open-vent conditions in the later stages of the eruption culminated in multiple explosions and the generation of PDCs with conspicuous grey scoria and white pumice Communicated by O. Müntener. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article

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Section: The 2010 and 2006 Eruptions Of Merapimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F S CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre- and syn-eruptive degassing and crystallisation processes of the 2010 and 2006 eruptions of Merapi volcano, Indonesia

Preece

Gertisser

Barclay

et al. 2014

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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“…Mt. Merapi is a stratovolcano showing evidence of explosive eruptions over the last 7000 years (Newhall et al 2000) and earlier (Camus et al 2000). Besides volcano hazard, this part of Indonesia suffers of strong seismic activity.…”

Section: Merapi Volcano Central Javamentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Seismic Tomography Imaging of Volcanic Complexes

Koulakov¹

2012

Updates in Volcanology - A Comprehensive Approach to Volcanological Problems

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“…from the summit they have deposited so much of their sediment load that they become dilute muddy 538 streamflows (Newhall et al, 2000). Further field work is required to determine whether the fines will 539 make up a more significant fraction in areas of active quarrying once the deposits begin to dry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The respiratory health hazard of tephra from the 2010 Centennial eruption of Merapi with implications for occupational mining of deposits

Damby¹,

Horwell²,

Baxter³

et al. 2013

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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10,000Years of explosive eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central Java: archaeological and modern implications

Cited by 181 publications

References 16 publications

Pre- and syn-eruptive degassing and crystallisation processes of the 2010 and 2006 eruptions of Merapi volcano, Indonesia

Pre- and syn-eruptive degassing and crystallisation processes of the 2010 and 2006 eruptions of Merapi volcano, Indonesia

Multiscale Seismic Tomography Imaging of Volcanic Complexes

The respiratory health hazard of tephra from the 2010 Centennial eruption of Merapi with implications for occupational mining of deposits

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