1-metil-4-fenil-1,2,3,6-tetrahidropiridinin (MPTP) Parkinson hastalığı üzerindeki etkileri

Abstract

Parkinson's disease is a chronic movement disorder seen frequently in adults and caused by the destruction of dopaminergic neurons. Its symptoms are tremor, rigidity, balance disorder, and bradykinesia. The current medications of the disease cure the symptoms; none of them stops neurodegeneration. Various modellings are performed on experimental animals for Parkinson's disease research. The main substance used in these modellings is 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a synthetic toxin. MPTP is a neurotoxic agent that appeared unintentionally during the production of illicit drugs. MPTP converts to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine in the body. This substance produces most of the biochemical, pathological, and clinical features similar to Parkinson's disease in an acute and irreversible way and this experimental Parkinson model leads many researchers. In this review, we discussed MPTP's discovery, metabolism, neurodegeneration mechanisms, and use in treatment in light of the literature.

Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms, Pathogenesis, Animal Models and Tests

“…It was observed that a group of people using MPTP developed a syndrome that was irreversible and very similar to Parkinson's disease. [22] MPTP itself is not toxic. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause PD rapidly when it is injected.…”

Cancer Cachexia: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Interventions

“…Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF-21) is a signaling protein with diverse biological functions in development and metabolism. FGF-21 levels increase with hunger, stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, obesity, mitochondrial myopathies, and aging [ 183 , 184 ]. Holm and colleagues found that FGF-21 levels, independently associated with IL-6 and lower muscle mass, were significantly higher in patients with cardiac cachexia than in healthy cohorts [ 185 ], suggesting that the increased plasma levels of FGF-21 in patients with cardiac cachexia correlate with inflammation and muscle wasting [ 185 ].…”