1. Livestock farming in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Rozstalnyy, A.; Kuipers, A.

doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-785-1_1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Such factors left livestock production in the hands of unspecialized farmers, and unsupervised by veterinary services ( 52 ), resulting in increased disease incidence ( 52 , 53 ). Thereafter, the region suffered a steep decline in the number of ruminants ( 49 , 54 ) and, in some countries, as Ukraine and Belarus, a significant abandonment of agricultural lands ( 55 ). These abrupt structural changes were followed by a transition phase with gradual agricultural recovery and increasing productivity ( 56 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of critical factors influencing ruminant disease dynamics in the Black Sea Basin

Arede,

Beltrán-Alcrudo,

Aliyev

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionRuminant production in the Black Sea basin (BSB) is critical for national economies and the subsistence of rural populations. Yet, zoonoses and transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are limiting and threatening the sector. To gain a more comprehensive understanding, this study characterizes key aspects of the ruminant sector in nine countries of the BSB, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Türkiye, and Ukraine.MethodsWe selected six priority ruminant diseases (anthrax, brucellosis, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), lumpy skin disease (LSD), and peste des petits ruminants (PPR)) that are present or threaten to emerge in the region. Standardized questionnaires were completed by a network of focal points and supplemented with external sources. We examined country and ruminant-specific data such as demographics, economic importance, and value chains in each country. For disease-specific data, we analysed the sanitary status, management strategies, and temporal trends of the selected diseases.Results and discussionThe shift from a centrally planned to a market economy, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, restructured the ruminant sector. This sector played a critical role in rural livelihoods within the BSB. Yet, it faced significant challenges such as the low sustainability of pastoralism, technological limitations, and unregistered farms. Additionally, ruminant health was hindered by informal animal trade as a result of economic factors, insufficient support for the development of formal trade, and socio-cultural drivers. In the Caucasus and Türkiye, where diseases were present, improvements to ruminant health were driven by access to trading opportunities. Conversely, European countries, mostly disease-free, prioritized preventing disease incursion to avoid a high economic burden. While international initiatives for disease management are underway in the BSB, there is still a need for more effective local resource allocation and international partnerships to strengthen veterinary health capacity, protect animal health and improve ruminant production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of critical factors influencing ruminant disease dynamics in the Black Sea Basin

Arede,

Beltrán-Alcrudo,

Aliyev

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…In animal husbandry, extensive livestock farming substantially declined in the central European Countries [63], and due to this, the vegetation of these areas transformed. Invasive plant species are particularly noticeable, especially the spread of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), according to the National Spatial Information Database of Invasive Plant Species (http://www.geo.u-szeged.hu/invasive/ (accessed on 6 March 2023)).…”

Section: Environmental Impacts Of Animal Husbandry and The Food Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Future Visions of the Hungarian Livestock Sector from a Rural Development Viewpoint

et al. 2023

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Livestock farming in developed countries faces adverse environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. Moreover, economic and social issues have emerged, such as farm concentration and the aging of farmers. Consequently, the decline of small farms and household animal husbandry substantially impacted rural communities, posing challenges for rural development. This study investigates these processes within the Hungarian livestock sector from the 1990s to recent years in the context of rural development, which is a rarely explored viewpoint in the literature. The research employed a statistical and policy document analysis, a literature review, and interviews (n = 66) conducted in Hungary’s Southern Great Plain region. The results reveal a decline in the number of animals and small farms in rural settlements, accompanied by an intense farm concentration, negatively affecting income generation opportunities. The established large-scale industrial animal husbandry has adverse environmental effects without positive externalities. The interviews highlight the severe challenges that young farmers face in starting their businesses, including land, labor, and capital shortages, leading to a slow generational change in the farming society. These processes demonstrate the limited multifunctionality of animal husbandry in Hungary. Our findings differ from those advocating for large-scale industrial agriculture development because an overly one-sided development pathway could lead to unsustainability.

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“…PPR presence and the implemented surveillance and control measures vary considerably across the region depending on the production system. SR systems include nomadic and semi-nomadic forms of pastoralism, which are still widely practised in most of Central Asia, South Caucasus [ 29 ], Mongolia [ 30 ] and the Islamic Republic of Iran [ 31 ], and sedentary household farming, which is prevalent in large parts of Turkey [ 32 ], China [ 33 ] and the Russian Federation [ 34 ]. Most countries have a mixture of pastoralism, with seasonal animal movements and more sedentary systems in other parts of the country.…”

Section: Ppr Situation At Regional Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peste des Petits Ruminants in Central and Eastern Asia/West Eurasia: Epidemiological Situation and Status of Control and Eradication Activities after the First Phase of the PPR Global Eradication Programme (2017–2021)

Legnardi

Raizman²,

Beltrán‐Alcrudo³

et al. 2022

Animals

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious infectious disease of small ruminants caused by peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). PPR poses a significant threat to sheep and goat systems in over 65 endemic countries across Africa, the Middle East and Asia. It is also responsible for devastating outbreaks in susceptible wildlife, threatening biodiversity. For these reasons, PPR is the target of the Global Eradication Programme (PPR GEP), launched in 2016, which is aimed at eradicating the disease by 2030. The end of the first five-year phase of the PPR GEP (2017–2021) provides an ideal opportunity to assess the status of the stepwise control and eradication process. This review analyses 13 countries belonging to Eastern Europe, Transcaucasia, and Central and East Asia. Substantial heterogeneity is apparent in terms of PPR presence and control strategies implemented by different countries. Within this region, one country is officially recognised as PPR-free, seven countries have never reported PPR, and two have had no outbreaks in the last five years. Therefore, there is real potential for countries in this region to move forward in a coordinated manner to secure official PPR freedom status and thus reap the trade and socioeconomic benefits of PPR eradication.

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1. Livestock farming in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Examination of critical factors influencing ruminant disease dynamics in the Black Sea Basin

Examination of critical factors influencing ruminant disease dynamics in the Black Sea Basin

Challenges and Future Visions of the Hungarian Livestock Sector from a Rural Development Viewpoint

Peste des Petits Ruminants in Central and Eastern Asia/West Eurasia: Epidemiological Situation and Status of Control and Eradication Activities after the First Phase of the PPR Global Eradication Programme (2017–2021)

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