1-L Transcription in Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease is a very complex disease and better explanations and models are needed to understand how neurons are affected and microglia are activated. A new model of Alzheimer’s disease is presented here, the β-amyloid peptide is considered an important RNA recognition/binding peptide. 1-L transcription revealed compatible sequences with AAUAAA (PAS signal) and UUUC (class III ARE rich in U) in the Aβ peptide, supporting the peptide–RNA regulatory model. When a hypothetical model of fibril selection with the prionic character of amyloid assemblies is added to the peptide-RNA regulatory model, the downregulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway and the upregulation of the PLC-IP3 pathway are well explained. The model explains why neurons are less protected from inflammation and why microglia are activated; why mitochondria are destabilized; why the autophagic flux is destabilized; and why the post-transcriptional attenuation of the axonal signal “noise” is interrupted. For example, the model suggests that Aβ peptide may post-transcriptionally control ELAVL2 (ELAV-like RNA binding protein 2) and DCP2 (decapping mRNA protein 2), which are known to regulate RNA processing, transport, and stability.

mosGraphFlow: a novel integrative graph AI model mining disease targets from multi-omic data

“…These changes can significantly influence the neuronal environment and potentially affect the progression of neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Given that VAV3 influences the release of cytokines and other signaling molecules from astrocytes, it is also plausible that VAV3 indirectly affects the inflammatory and immune responses in the AD brain, potentially modulating the formation and clearance of Aβ plaques 116 .…”

1-L Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit

“…1-L transcription is a very simple method that was introduced recently [10, [13][14][15] and which applies a theoretical protein-RNA recognition code (Figure 1B) [16]. As shown in the figure for ribosomal release factor 1 (RF1) and tRNA, the primary protein structures are involved in protein-RNA recognition/interaction processes.…”

Physiologically Aggregated LacZ Applied in Trehalose Galactosylation in a Recycled Batch Mode

“…IBs, or physiologically aggregated peptides/proteins, which arise from mistranslation or other errors in translational and post-translational processes, are generally considered to be harmful in the elderly, and are mainly involved in neurodegenerative diseases [ 21 ]. For example, aggregation of β-amyloid peptide is mainly responsible for Alzheimer’s disease, while aggregation of α-synuclein is responsible for Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Oral administration of the diglucose derivative trehalose (Treh) reduces neurodegeneration and improves motor and cognitive performance in mouse models, albeit at a high concentration [ 24 , 25 ].…”