1. Introduction. On the genesis and development of L3 research, multilingualism and multiple language acquisition

The case of InterCorp, a multilingual parallel corpus

“…Despite the problems in building a balanced multilingual parallel corpus, comparison and research of more languages in a single source, including its exploitation by rule-based or stochastic tools, is a goal which should be rather self-evident in today's multilingual Europe, where traditional monolingual and bilingual settings are increasingly giving way to a multilingual reality (Aronin & Hufeisen 2009). It remains to be seen to what extent concerted corpus-based multingual research can be substituted by a series of bilingual comparisons (see e.g.…”

The effect of out-of-school media contact on language attitudes in multilingual adolescents: a complex psychosociolinguistic system

“…However, the remainder of this section will focus on two major holistic contributions to the field of multilingualism research: the ascent of multilingualism as a 'new linguistic dispensation' (Aronin & Singleton, 2008Aronin & Hufeisen, 2009;Singleton et al, 2013); and the holistic 'Focus on Multilingualism' approach (Cenoz & Gorter, 2011a, 2011bGorter & Cenoz, 2011;Cenoz, 2013).…”

“…In conclusion, contemporary multilingualism per se has come of age as our understanding of the phenomenon has moved beyond the 'bilingualism plus' stage; it has crossed 'the second threshold' (Aronin & Hufeisen, 2009). The first threshold was a consensus on the importance of bilingualism, the second is 'the growth of an understanding that there is a far reaching use in the world [...] of more than two languages, and that repertoires of three or more languages may have their own specificities relative to bilingualism' (Aronin & Singleton, 2012: 188).…”

“…(Aronin & Singleton, 2012) We will sum up this subsection on the new linguistic dispensation by discussing some of its key properties and characteristic developments (see: figure 6). Suffusiveness, complexity, and liminality are three properties specific to the new linguistic dispensation (Aronin & Singleton, 2008Aronin & Hufeisen, 2009;Singleton et al, 2013). It is suffusive in the sense that multilingual populations, spaces, and practices are spread throughout the world and that modern life is contingent on multilingual people and social arrangements.…”

“…Two prominent perspectives that have emerged are: the 'new linguistic dispensation' (Aronin & Hufeisen, 2009;Aronin & Singleton, 2012;Singleton et al, 2013) which highlights the spatiotemporal mobility of multilingualism, differences between historical and contemporary multilingualism, and the fact that multilingualism is now the dominant global paradigm; and 'focus on multilingualism' (Cenoz & Gorter, 2011a, 2011bGorter & Cenoz, 2011;Cenoz, 2013) which highlights the importance of holism in multilingualism research (i.e. : a joint focus on speakers, linguistic repertoires, and contexts) and additionally points out the importance of multilingual practices in context and the perspective of multilingual speakers themselves.…”