1. In General

Abstract

This standard provides minimum load requirements for the design of buildings and other structures that are subject to building code requirements. Loads and appropriate load combinations, which have been developed to be used together, are set forth for strength design and allowable stress design. For design strengths and allowable stress limits, design specifications for conventional structural materials used in buildings and modifications contained in this standard shall be followed. 1.2 DEFINITIONS The following definitions apply to the provisions of the entire standard. ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN: A method of proportioning structural members such that elastically computed stresses produced in the members by nominal loads do not exceed specified allowable stresses (also called "working stress design"). AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION: The organization, political subdivision, office, or individual charged with the responsibility of administering and enforcing the provisions of this standard. BUILDINGS: Structures, usually enclosed by walls and a roof, constructed to provide support or shelter for an intended occupancy.

The evidentiary challenges of using satellite technologies to enforce ship-source marine pollution standards on the high seas

“…The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of the U.S., the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), and the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC) of Australia, have all legislated lower evidentiary standards of various aspects of environmental crimes [ [60] , [61] , [62] ]. Additionally, a few States have also sought to apply a middle strategy such as the half-way house concept, which lowers the burden of proof for the prosecution to establish an environmental crime, but also provides the accused with lower evidentiary standards and more opportunity to directly refute the prosecution [ 63 ]. Even the Independent Expert Panel for the Legal Definition of Ecocide has approached the International Criminal Court for a departure from applying its default criminal law framework as it relates to legally defining “Ecocide”.…”