1. Gastrotricha

Kieneke, Alexander; Schmidt‐Rhaesa, Andreas

doi:10.1515/9783110274271.1

Cited by 16 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(608 reference statements)

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“…Gastrotricha is a phylum of aquatic microinvertebrates, which contains about 820 accepted species (as of April 2015) divided into two orders: Chaetonotida that includes tenpin-shaped, hermaphroditic and/or parthenogenetic species found in marine, brackish or freshwater habitats, and Macrodasyida, a group of vermiform, hermaphroditic species that live interstitially, mostly in marine sand (e.g., [1, 2]). Knowledge on the alpha biodiversity of the entire phylum is growing at a fast pace due to the continual description of new species (e.g., freshwater: [3–7]; marine: [8–22]), whereas recent cladistics studies challenging the phylogenetic congruence of the classical systematisation have notably increased the number of recognised genera and families [21, 23–26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the problems that makes revision difficult is that the anatomical ground patterns of taxa putatively belonging to the different evolutionary lines are still not well-known (e.g., [1, 29–32]). Since the process of re-systematisation benefits from additional surveys of insufficiently known taxa [33], the discovery of new species with novel characteristics could help to identify plesiomorphy in these morphologically diverse animals, thus providing a more solid ground for their natural grouping [1, 21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the process of re-systematisation benefits from additional surveys of insufficiently known taxa [33], the discovery of new species with novel characteristics could help to identify plesiomorphy in these morphologically diverse animals, thus providing a more solid ground for their natural grouping [1, 21]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Integrated Morphological and Molecular Approach to the Description and Systematisation of a Novel Genus and Species of Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha)

2015

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BackgroundGastrotricha systematics is in a state of flux mainly due to the conflicts between cladistic studies base on molecular markers and the classical systematisation based on morphological traits. In sandy samples from Thailand, we found numerous macrodasyidan gastrotrichs belonging to an undescribed species of difficult taxonomic affiliation. The abundance and original nature of the specimens prompted us to undertake a deep survey of both morphological and molecular traits aiming at a reliable systematisation of the new taxon.Methodology/Principal FindingsUsing several microscopical techniques we investigated the external and internal anatomy, including the muscular and nervous systems of the new species. Additional specimens were used to obtain the 18S rRNA gene sequence; molecular data was analysed cladistically in conjunction with data from additional species belonging to the near complete Macrodasyida taxonomic spectrum. Specimens are vermiform, up to 806 μm in total length, and show a well-defined head equipped with peculiar leaf-like sensorial organs and a single-lobed posterior end. The adhesive apparatus includes anterior, ventrolateral, dorsal and posterior tubes. Pharynx is about 1/4 of the total length and shows pores at its posterior 3/4. Adult specimens exhibit maturing eggs and a bulky, muscular caudal organ, but do not show sperm nor the frontal organ. Musculature and nervous system organisation resemble the usual macrodasyidan plan; however, the somatic circular muscles of the intestinal region surround all other muscular components and a third FMRFamide-IR commissure ventral to the pharyngo-intestinal junction appear to be an autoapomorphic traits of the new species.Conclusions/SignificanceWhile the anatomical characteristics of the Asian specimens appear so unique to grant the establishment of a new taxon, for which the name Thaidasys tongiorgii gen. et sp. nov. is proposed, the result of phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene unites the new genus with the family Macrodasyidae.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Integrated Morphological and Molecular Approach to the Description and Systematisation of a Novel Genus and Species of Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha)

2015

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“…Gastrotricha is a small phylum of aquatic acoelomate animals with approximately 850 species (see Balsamo et al 2009Balsamo et al , 2013Balsamo et al , 2014Hummon and Todaro 2010;Kieneke and Schmidt-Rhaesa 2014;Todaro et al 2014; and references therein). The group is a common component of the meiofauna and is hypothesized to act as an important link between the microbial loop and larger invertebrate predators (Balsamo and Todaro 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phylogenetic position of Neogosseidae (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida) and the origin of planktonic Gastrotricha

Kånneby

Todaro

2015

Org Divers Evol

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Planktonic forms of Gastrotricha have been known since the 1850s, despite the fact that they are rather uncommon and difficult to collect. They are characterized by a round sack-shaped body, an absence of furcal adhesive tubes, and a different distribution of the locomotory ciliation compared to\ud epibenthic and periphytic gastrotrichs. Today, planktonic gastrotrichs are classified into the three taxa—Dasydytidae, Neogosseidae, and Undula—but their origin and whether they share a recent common ancestor remain largely unknown. A long-held view is that planktonic taxa are derived from benthic\ud ancestors related to Chaetonotus (Zonochaeta), but the hypothesis has never been properly tested. Here, in order to elucidate the phylogeny and origin of planktonic Gastrotricha, we provide the first molecular data on the very rare genera Kijanebalola and Neogossea, both members of the family\ud Neogosseidae. We use Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetics to analyze sequences of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and COI mtDNA spanning 71 taxa in total. We find high support for a common origin of planktonic gastrotrichs, with monophyly of both Dasydytidae and Neogosseidae.\ud Planktonic forms have evolved from epibenthic or periphytic ancestors, and the closest extant clade comprises members of Chaetonotus (Zonochaeta)+Chaetonotus heteracanthus Remane, 1927. These results further imply that the motile spines and underlying muscle patterns that control them in species of Dasydytidae are adaptations to the planktonic environment that evolved independently of those in other species of Gastrotricha

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“…Knowledge is particularly scarce for the ‘minor phyla’, such as Kinorhyncha (Dal Zotto 2015, Sørensen et al 2015, Dal Zotto and Todaro 2016) or Gastrotricha (Todaro et al 2011, 2015). Gastrotricha includes microscopic, vermiform invertebrates found in both freshwater and marine ecosystems (see Kieneke and Schmidt-Rhaesa 2014). As of December 2017, the group comprises 840 species divided into the two orders Macrodasyida and Chaetonotida (Todaro 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new species of Turbanellidae (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from Jamaica, with a key to species of Paraturbanella

Zotto¹,

Leasi²,

Todaro³

2018

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The study falls within the framework of a wider research programme aimed at investigating the gastrotrich diversity of the Tropical North-Western Atlantic (TNWA). A new macrodasyidan gastrotrich is described from fine-medium sand collected at Duncans Bay, Jamaica. The description is based on observations carried out on living specimens using differential interference contrast microscopy. Paraturbanella xaymacana sp. n., the third gastrotrich taxon reported from Jamaica, is a mid-sized species, up to 564 μm long, with a feeble peribuccal swelling. The most obvious autapomorphic traits pertain to the testes and the male pore, both of which are located approximately at mid body, rather than at- or near the pharyngo-intestinal junction as occur in the other species of the genus. Additional differences with congeners are discussed and a key to the Paraturbanella species is provided, in the hope it will be useful to both gastrotrich experts and marine ecologists who discover these microscopic metazoans during their research.

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1. Gastrotricha

Cited by 16 publications

References 125 publications

An Integrated Morphological and Molecular Approach to the Description and Systematisation of a Novel Genus and Species of Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha)

An Integrated Morphological and Molecular Approach to the Description and Systematisation of a Novel Genus and Species of Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha)

The phylogenetic position of Neogosseidae (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida) and the origin of planktonic Gastrotricha

A new species of Turbanellidae (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from Jamaica, with a key to species of Paraturbanella

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